Monitoring Process Variability for Stationary Process Data

Processes that arise naturally, for example, from manufacturing or the environment, often exhibit complicated autocorrelation structures. When monitoring such a process for changes in variance, accounting for that structure is critical. While charts for monitoring the variance of processes of independent observations and some specific autocorrelated processes have been proposed in the past, the chart presented in this article can handle a general stationary process. The performance of the proposed chart was examined through simulations for the first‐order autoregressive and first‐order autoregressive‐moving average processes and demonstrated with examples. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Basis enrichment and solid–fluid coupling for model‐reduced fluid simulation

We present several enhancements to model‐reduced fluid simulation that allow improved simulation bases and two‐way solid–fluid coupling. Specifically, we present a basis enrichment scheme that allows us to combine data‐driven or artistically derived bases with more general analytic bases derived from Laplacian eigenfunctions. We handle two‐way solid–fluid coupling in a time‐splitting fashion—we alternately timestep the fluid and rigid body simulators, while taking into account the effects of the fluid on the rigid bodies and vice versa. We employ the vortex panel method to handle solid–fluid coupling and use dynamic pressure to compute the effect of the fluid on rigid bodies. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Physiologic Insulin Resensitization as a Treatment Modality for Insulin Resistance Pathophysiology

Prevalence of type 2 diabetes increased from 2.5% of the US population in 1990 to 10.5% in 2018. This creates a major public health problem, due to increases in long-term complications of diabetes, including neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, skin ulcers, amputations, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. In this review, we evaluated the scientific basis that supports the use of physiologic insulin resensitization. Insulin resistance is the primary cause of type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance leads to increasing insulin secretion, leading to beta-cell exhaustion or burnout. This triggers a cascade leading to islet cell destruction and the long-term complications of type 2 diabetes. Concurrent with insulin resistance, the regular bursts of insulin from the pancreas become irregular. This has been treated by the precise administration of insulin more physiologically. There is consistent evidence that this treatment modality can reverse the diabetes-associated complications of neuropathy, diabetic ulcers, nephropathy, and retinopathy, and that it lowers HbA1c. In conclusion, physiologic insulin resensitization has a persuasive scientific basis, significant treatment potential, and likely cost benefits.     

汽车钢板回收冶炼过程中涂覆油漆的裂变行为

采用单光子离子化/共振增强的多光子离子化-飞行时间质谱法(SPI/REMPI-TOFMS)研究了在汽车钢板的回收冶炼过程中,涂覆油漆的裂变行为.在模拟实验装置中,在线跟踪监测了裂解炉气中的有机裂变产物的演变过程.发现与其它有机材料不同,汽车钢板的涂覆油漆不仅在合成空气中,而且在氮气中也产生酚类有机污染物.从300 ℃到1 190 ℃都有多环芳烃(PAHs)产生,但在700～800 ℃时,产生的数量最多,在1 000～1 190 ℃,趋于完全燃烧.     

A relationship between software coverage metrics and reliability

Software engineers have tacitly assumed that there exists a link between coverage and reliability. An argument is presented which leads to an inverse logarithmic relationship which depends upon the structure of the software and on a parameter called the strength of the coverage metric. The relationship is developed by considering reliability as a function of an idealized coverage metric and then interpreting the result for a range of actual coverage metrics.     

Viscosity properties of base lubricating oils containing mineral oil,synthetic ester oil and polymeric additives

This paper presents the results of investigations into the physical properties, in terms of volatility, pour point and viscosity, of a composition base oil, whose components included mineral-and ester-based oils, and a polymeric thickener. The presence of the ester had limited effect, and this was improved by addition of the thickener.     

The Clinical Significance of Transfer RNAs Present in Extracellular Vesicles

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important for intercellular signalling in multi-cellular organisms. However, the role of mature transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and tRNA fragments in EVs has yet to be characterised. This systematic review aimed to identify up-to-date literature on tRNAs present within human EVs and explores their potential clinical significance in health and disease. A comprehensive and systematic literature search was performed, and the study was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Electronic databases MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched up until 1 January 2022. From 685 papers, 60 studies were identified for analysis. The majority of papers reviewed focussed on the role of EV tRNAs in cancers (31.7%), with numerous other conditions represented. Blood and cell lines were the most common EV sources, representing 85.9% of protocols used. EV isolation methods included most known methods, precipitation being the most common (49.3%). The proportion of EV tRNAs was highly variable, ranging between 0.04% to >95% depending on tissue source. EV tRNAs are present in a multitude of sources and show promise as disease markers in breast cancer, gastrointestinal cancers, and other diseases. EV tRNA research is an emerging field, with increasing numbers of papers highlighting novel methodologies for tRNA and tRNA fragment discovery.