景观规划对景观公约的贡献

第一,地区的特点现在变得越来越重要。在全球化不断发展的今天,景观的保护和发展作为生活质量构成的一部分,已经变得越来越重要了。资源的保护实际上要比物种的保护和生物种类的保护更加重要,因为景观必须要有一个更加全面的想法,这样才能有非常好的景观设计。我们在考虑景观的时候必须要考虑景观的因素和当地的情况。现在我们不断地标准化,不断地趋同、     

Local melting and tool slippage during friction stir spot welding of Al-alloys

Local melting and tool slippage during friction stir spot welding of different Al-alloy base materials is examined using a combination of detailed microscopy and temperature measurement. The stir zone peak temperature during welding is limited by either the solidus of the alloy in question or by spontaneous melting of intermetallic particles contained in the as-received base material. When spontaneous melting occurs this facilitates tool slippage at the contact interface. Accurate stir zone temperature and grain size measurements are essential elements when estimating the strain rate using the Zener–Hollomon relation. In Al 2024 and Al 7075 spot welds spontaneous melting of second-phase particles produces a drastic reduction in strain rate values. In Al 5754 and Al 6061 spot welds there is a strong correlation between tool rotational speed and estimated strain values. Local melted films dissolve rapidly in the high temperature stir zone and when the spot weld cools to room temperature following welding. Evidence of local melting is observed in Al 7075 friction stir spot welded joints made using a combination of rapid quenching, high plunge rates, and extremely short dwell time settings.     

Synthesis and characterization of some 2,4′-dibenzyldiisocyanate ionic polymers

Cationic polyurethanes were synthesized by a two step Menschutkin reaction. A prepolymer with tertiary dimethylamino end groups and a dihalide (1,3-dimethyl-4,6-di(chloromethyl) benzene) were used in the first step, and 1,8-diaza bicyclooctane in the second step. The polymers from flexible and transparent films and their solutions give ionomer dispersions by adding of acetone. The viscometric behaviour of diluted solutions was studied in solvents with different dielectrical constants.     

Adherence in childhood diabetes: Results of a confirmatory factor analysis.

Tested the equality of the factor pattern of adherence to treatment of childhood diabetes identified by S. B. Johnson et al (see record 1988-05437-001) across 2 independent samples. Samples of 162 and 157 diabetics (aged 6–18 yrs) were studied. Factors 1–4, Exercise, Injection, Diet Type, and Eating/Testing Frequency, were confirmed. Factor 5, Diet Amount, proved to be too complex; the adherence measures comprising this factor (total calories and concentrated sweets consumed) are best treated as separate, single-indicator constructs. Results support a multivariate concept of adherence, offer insight into the nature of the components underlying diabetes adherence, and provide measurement information for reliable component estimation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effects of decisional control and work orientation on persistence in preventive health behavior.

Examined persistence in the daily use of fluoride mouthrinse in 242 7th-graders from 3 inner-city and 2 suburban schools, as a function of an induced-choice manipulation concerning self-management strategies and freedom to participate in the program. Ss were assigned to either high- or low-choice decisional control manipulations. Ss' daily, home use of fluoride was monitored over 20 wks. To ameliorate the relatively lower persistence rates found previously among suburban vs urban Ss (A. K. Lund and S. S. Kegeles; see record 1988-11515-001), all Ss were given self-management and action instructions. Suburban Ss still declined in persistence relative to urban Ss. Females who received high choice persisted at a higher rate than girls who received low choice. Boys were unaffected by the manipulation. Ss' self-reported work orientation was positively associated with persistence. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Preparation and optimization of calcium fluoride particles for dental applications

Fluorides are used in dental care due to their beneficial effect in tooth enamel de-/remineralization cycles. To achieve a desired constant supply of soluble fluorides in the oral cavity, different approaches have been followed. Here we present results on the preparation of CaF₂ particles and their characterization with respect to a potential application as enamel associated fluoride releasing reservoirs. CaF₂ particles were synthesized by precipitation from soluble NaF and CaCl₂ salt solutions of defined concentrations and their morphology analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. CaF₂ particles with defined sizes and shapes could be synthesized by adjusting the concentrations of the precursor salt solutions. Such particles interacted with enamel surfaces when applied at fluoride concentrations correlating to typical dental care products. Fluoride release from the synthesized CaF₂ particles was observed to be largely influenced by the concentration of phosphate in the solution. Physiological solutions with phosphate concentration similar to saliva (3.5 mM) reduced the fluoride release from pure CaF₂ particles by a factor of 10–20 × as compared to phosphate free buffer solutions. Fluoride release was even lower in human saliva. The fluoride release could be increased by the addition of phosphate in substoichiometric amounts during CaF₂ particle synthesis. The presented results demonstrate that the morphology and fluoride release characteristics of CaF₂ particles can be tuned and provide evidence of the suitability of synthetic CaF₂ particles as enamel associated fluoride reservoirs.     

Recognition is not parsing — SPPF-style parsing from cubic recognisers

In their recogniser forms, the Earley and RIGLR algorithms for testing whether a string can be derived from a grammar are worst-case cubic on general context free grammars (CFG). Earley gave an outline of a method for turning his recognisers into parsers, but it turns out that this method is incorrect. Tomita’s GLR parser returns a shared packed parse forest (SPPF) representation of all derivations of a given string from a given CFG but is worst-case unbounded polynomial order. The parser version of the RIGLR algorithm constructs Tomita-style SPPFs and thus is also worst-case unbounded polynomial order. We have given a modified worst-case cubic GLR algorithm, that, for any string and any CFG, returns a binarised SPPF representation of all possible derivations of a given string. In this paper we apply similar techniques to develop worst-case cubic Earley and RIGLR parsing algorithms.     

A systematic review of the potential hurdles of interoperability to the emergency services in major incidents: recommendations for solutions and alternatives

This study presents a narrative synthesis of a systematic literature review relating to multi-agency interoperability and major incident decision-making in high risk, high stake environments. The review methodology includes the identification of relevant studies, a critical appraisal of the concepts inherent in the main review question and a narrative synthesis of the central themes that relate to the study as a whole. The review firstly outlines what, currently, appear to be the perceived defining features of successful interoperability by using the SAFE-T phase model of major incident decision-making. It then considers whether these defining features are realistically achievable in major incident practice. Findings suggest that the current definition of an interoperable network is too demanding for the inherent complexity and dynamic nature of the major incident task environment. Individual teams tend to focus on agency-specific behaviour, as opposed to coordinated multi-team functioning, and so collective interoperability is not achieved. Inevitably, this reduces the ability to perform collaborative behaviours, including decision-making and action implementation. The paper concludes that aiming for the current conceptualisation of interoperability along a hierarchical command structure may actually inhibit effective decision-making. Instead, multi-agency systems would do better to work towards an improved understanding of a non-hierarchical and decentralised yet interoperable major incident management network. Recommendations include the need to relate theory and practice in the development of multi-agency decision-making via simulation-based training and to deepen our understanding of interoperability to prevent inertia in high risk, high stake major incident environments.