超高分子相对质量部分水解聚丙烯酰胺合成研究

选择AM均聚后水解工艺路线,采用新型复配引发体系,合成作为油田驱油剂的超高相对分子质量聚丙烯酰胺(简称PAM).在所选高效的引发体系下,考察了主要聚合反应因素对产品平均分子相对质量的影响,确定了聚合工艺条件溶液的pH值为11～11.5,W(单体)为45%,W(引发剂)为70×10-6,W(链转移剂)为1.3×10-6.在优化的聚合条件下,合成了相对分子质量高达25×106,水解度在20%～30%可调,过滤比小于1.3的聚丙烯酰胺.     

硅烷交联型复合半导电塑料

对于硅烷交联型复合半导电塑料的研究表明，合理的选择EVA，炭黑，交联剂，引发剂，催化剂的种类和适宜的用量，仅仅是提高接枝和凝胶质量分散的必要条件，体系环境的酸碱度才是可以交联的充分条件，只有在体系的环境呈现出中性或弱的碱性时，硅烷才可能与PE和EVA充分接枝和交联。     

Preparation of Protein-Stabilized β-Carotene Nanodispersions by Emulsification–Evaporation Method

This work was initiated to prepare protein-stabilized β-carotene nanodispersions using emulsification–evaporation. A pre-mix of the aqueous phase composed of a protein and hexane containing β-carotene was subjected to high-pressure homogenization using a microfluidizer. Hexane in the resulting emulsion was evaporated under reduced pressures, causing crystallization and precipitation of β-carotene inside the droplets and formation of β-carotene nanoparticles. Sodium caseinate (SC) was the most effective emulsifier among selected proteins in preparing the nanodispersion, with a monomodal β-carotene particle-size distribution and a 17-nm mean particle size. The results were confirmed by transmission-electron microscopy analysis. SC-stabilized nanodispersion also had considerably high ζ-potential (−27 mV at pH 7), suggesting that the nanodispersion was stable against particle aggregation. Increasing the SC concentration decreased the mean particle size and improved the polydispersity of the nanodispersions. Nanodispersions prepared with higher β-carotene concentrations and higher organic-phase ratios resulted in larger β-carotene particles. Although increased microfluidization pressure did not decrease particle size, it did improve the polydispersity of the nanodispersions. Repeating the microfluidization process at 140 MPa caused the nanodispersions to become polydisperse, indicating the loss of emulsifying capacity of SC due to protein denaturation.     

Influence of current density on oxygen transfer in an electroflotation cell

The objective of this work is to study the transfer of oxygen from gas to liquid phase in an electroflotation cell. The measurements were performed in a laboratory scale cell using insoluble electrodes, titanium coated with ruthenium oxide as anode and stainless steel as cathode. The volumetric mass transfer coefficient K _L a, was characterized for clean tap water as liquid phase for different values of current density (J). The global coefficient of mass transfer based on the liquid film, K _L , and the specific interfacial area, a, were characterized. A model which relates K _L a to current density was established. Different evaluation criteria of oxygen transfer in electroflotation process were determined and compared with other aeration process.     

Frying Performance of No-<Emphasis Type="Italic">trans</Emphasis>, Low-Linolenic Acid Soybean Oils

Two extruded-expelled physically refined soybean oils with reduced contents of linolenic acid, ultra-low- linolenic acid (ULL, 1.5%) and low-linolenic acid (LL, 2.6%), and a extruded-expelled physically refined control oil (control, 5.3% linolenic acid) were evaluated by frying French fries in a commercial-like setting for 6 h day⁻¹ during 23 days. The oils became darker, increased in yellow color at the beginning, and became redder and less green throughout the process. Free fatty acids levels were not different among the oils until day 14, after which, ULL was different from the control for the remainder of frying. The conjugated dienoic acid values were greatest in the control. Generally, ULL and LL oils had lower percentages of polar compounds than did the control, providing a frying life 2 days longer than the control and ~30% increase in frying time. A trained sensory panel evaluated the French fries on days 2, 5, and 6. Buttery and potato flavors decreased, and rancid and painty flavors increased over frying time for all products. Rancid flavor was highest in the fries from the control oil. Overall, the ULL and LL oils performed better than did the control oil and ULL tended to perform better than the LL.     

Micro-Indentation Fracture Toughness Evaluation with a Novel Microscopy

A novel microscopy is developed for evaluating the fracture toughness of thin ceramic sheets using the micro-indentation method. This microscopy overcomes the theoretical limit of measurement resolution associated with optical microscopes. Using a modified optical microscope, the crack lengths produced by micro-indentation on the surface of an as-fired ceramic sheet can now be measured. Experimental results on an 8 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia ceramic substrate show that the accuracy of the fracture toughness evaluation is satisfactory. This micro-indentation fracture toughness evaluation method is efficient and economical for thin ceramic substrate surfaces, either polished or as-fired.     

Study of the polymerization of 1-octadecene with different rnetallocene catalysts

Summary 1-Octadecene (C18) was polymerized by using different metallocene catalysts. The rac-Et(Ind)₂ZrC1₂/MAO (I) and rac-Me₂Si(Ind)₂ZrC1₂/MAO (III) presented the highest activity as compared with ra-Et(2-Me-Ind)₂ZrCl₂/MAO (II) and Ph₂C(Flu)(Cp)ZrC1₂/MAO (IV) catalysts. Catalyst IV produced polymers with highest molecular weights. The microstructure of the polymers was determined by ¹³C-NMR spectroscopy. Catalyst systems I, II and III produced isotactic polymers while catalyst IV produced polymers with mainly syndiotactic structures but with large amount of stereoregular error. Received: 21 June 2002/Revised version: 4 November 2002/ Accepted: 4 November 2002     

电泳涂料

本文介绍了电泳涂料及发展趋势。     

无润滑空气压缩机冷却水系统的清洗

介绍了无润滑空气压缩机冷却水系统结垢的危害性，阐述了清洗的原理，提出了清洗时应注意的工艺参数，操作时的注意事项和由此带来的经济效益。     

炭粒床高效工业除尘装置的设计与开发

The new dust removal technical route using the carbon-granular bed filter,packed of carbon particles with appropriate grade derive from an online-process vibration sieve,to replace the traditional baggy filter had been developed successfully for capturing the micro-carbon dusts produced from pulverization of petroleum coke,and the green close loop of carbon materials is thus completed in the combined pulverizing and classifying system and pulverized carbon dust removal process.The high dust removal efficiency greater than 99%,low outlet dust concentration less than 100 mg.m-3,low pressure drop through dust filtration chamber less than 980 Pa,simple and easy design,and flexible and stable operation were achieved also with the carbon-granular bed filter in both bench and industrial scale operations.