We have successfully reduced threshold voltage shifts of amorphous In–Ga–Zn–O thin‐film transistors (a‐IGZO TFTs) on transparent polyimide films against bias‐temperature stress below 100 mV, which is equivalent to those on glass substrates. This high reliability was achieved by dense IGZO thin films and annealing temperature below 300 °C. We have reduced bulk defects of IGZO thin films and interface defects between gate insulator and IGZO thin film by optimizing deposition conditions of IGZO thin films and annealing conditions. Furthermore, a 3.0‐in. flexible active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode was demonstrated with the highly reliable a‐IGZO TFT backplane on polyimide film. The polyimide film coating process is compatible with mass‐production lines. We believe that flexible organic light‐emitting diode displays can be mass produced using a‐IGZO TFT backplane on polyimide films. 相似文献
A Houjin is an n by n square lattice with each cell containing a symbol (such as a number or a letter). Further, these numbers or letters are designed
to exhibit symmetry. For example, a magic square is a Houjin where the embedded symmetry is that the numbers in each row,
column, and a center diagonal have an equal sum. This article reports a new Houjin: a dynamic Houjin. A dynamic Houjin changes
its numbers at each time step while satisfying the symmetry as a Houjin (a magic square). The dynamic Houjin has a further
symmetry in a time dimension, i.e., the sums of the numbers in each cell are identical. 相似文献
The authors have developed a new type of motor consisting of a piezoelectric device and strain wave gearing, and is called a piezoelectric motor. This is a first step in realizing a low-speed, small-size and lightweight motor. The principle of the motor is that the traveling wave is produced by piezoelectric devices and displacement conversion devices without mechanical resonance, and the torque to rotate the motor is generated by a mechanism of strain wave gearing (circular spline and flexspline) without using friction. The motor is operated at variable frequency and its rotational position (angle) is controlled in open-loop because it is basically a synchronous motor. In this paper, the structure and principle of the proposed motor are explained and the driving method and the mechanical characteristics of an experimental motor also are described. The results are as follows:
1 The realizability of the proposed piezoelectric motor is verified experimentally. The experimental motor operates at 2920 steps per revolution, and its speed range is 0 to 960 pps [or 0 to 20 (rpms)].
2 The torque characteristics are clarified qualitatively.
3 The generated torque of the experimental motor is small (less than 0.03 Nm) and therefore the improvement of the torque is an important subject hereafter.
4 It is possible to construct the motor with nonmetallic material. This fact is considered to facilitate obtaining a means to lighten the weight of the motor in the future.
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the pathogenesis of epilepsy is linked to neuroinflammation and cerebrovascular dysfunction. Peripheral immune cell invasion into the brain, along with these responses, is implicitly involved in epilepsy. This review explored the current literature on the association between the peripheral and central nervous systems in the pathogenesis of epilepsy, and highlights novel research directions for therapeutic interventions targeting these reactions. Previous experimental and human studies have demonstrated the activation of the innate and adaptive immune responses in the brain. The time required for monocytes (responsible for innate immunity) and T cells (involved in acquired immunity) to invade the central nervous system after a seizure varies. Moreover, the time between the leakage associated with blood–brain barrier (BBB) failure and the infiltration of these cells varies. This suggests that cell infiltration is not merely a secondary disruptive event associated with BBB failure, but also a non-disruptive event facilitated by various mediators produced by the neurovascular unit consisting of neurons, perivascular astrocytes, microglia, pericytes, and endothelial cells. Moreover, genetic manipulation has enabled the differentiation between peripheral monocytes and resident microglia, which was previously considered difficult. Thus, the evidence suggests that peripheral monocytes may contribute to the pathogenesis of seizures. 相似文献
The efficiency of power dissipation (η) in a dynamic material model has been conventionally used for qualitative predictions to estimate the hot working conditions at which dynamic recrystallization (DRX) is dominant. However, predicting the quantitative value of the DRX fraction (XDRX) from η remains a challenge. In this paper, a constitutive equation is proposed to quantitatively predict XDRX using η. The proposed equation for describing XDRX is derived from the reaction rate equation using the assumption that the DRX rate depends on η. The proposed equation is verified via hot compression tests of equiaxed Ti–6Al–4V ELI alloys (Ti-64) in the (α + β) region. The predicted and experimental XDRX values are found to be generally consistent with one another, exhibiting an average absolute error of 0.05. Furthermore, the proposed equation provides the same level of prediction accuracy as the conventional Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov (JMAK) equation. Therefore, the proposed equation can be used to quantitatively predict XDRX following hot compression tests of equiaxed Ti-64. Moreover, compared with the JMAK equation, the proposed equation is expressed in fewer parameters and constant terms. It is, thus, expected to facilitate the quantitative prediction of XDRX.
The thermal diffusivity of AlN ceramics was significantly decreased by the addition of SiO2. The AlN ceramics with 4 wt% SiO2 could not be densified by pressureless sintering in the temperature range 1400° to 1800°C. The thermal diffusivity of these samples was very low because of their porous structure. The AlN ceramics containing 2, 4, and 8 wt% SiO2 were densified by hot-pressing and also had low thermal diffusivity. In these samples, the grains of the 27R polytype that resulted from the reaction between AlN and SiO2 were dispersed, obstructing the conduction of heat. The relation between the amount of 27R polytype and the thermal diffusivity of the AlN ceramics was determined. 相似文献
Beneficial effects of dietary phytic acid (myo-inositol hexaphosphate; IP6) have often been explained by its strong iron ion-chelating ability, which possibly suppresses iron ion-induced oxidative
damage in the gastrointestinal tract. Because phytic acid is hydrolyzed during digestion, this work aimed to know whether
its hydrolysis products (IP2′ IP3′, IP4′ and IP5) could still prevent iron ion-induced lipid peroxidation. Studies using liposomal membranes demonstrated that hydrolysis
products containing three or more phosphate groups are able to inhibit iron ion-induced lipid peroxidation although their
effectiveness decreased with dephosphorylation. Similarly, they also prevented iron ion-induced decomposition of phosphatidylcholine
hydroperoxide. These results demonstrate that intermediate products of phytic acid hydrolysis still possess iron ion-chelating
ability, and thus they can probably prevent iron ion-induced lipid peroxidation in biological systems. 相似文献