License Plate Recognition for Parking Control System by Mathematical Morphology

Nowadays, license plate recognition for parking systems is a critical task to provide automatic control of customers and payment. This paper introduces a new method for automatic recognition of license plates of vehicles by mathematical morphology. The proposed method can provide the license plate number of the plates in different light conditions, colors, sizes, and inclination (angles). The algorithm can recognize the license plates of European Union vehicles quickly and correctly. The pattern learning of mathematical skeletons has high efficiency in the process. The performance of the algorithm is demonstrated well by being tested on a parking control system.     

Boosting Perovskite Solar Cells Performance and Stability through Doping a Poly‐3(hexylthiophene) Hole Transporting Material with Organic Functionalized Carbon Nanostructures

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are demonstrating great potential to compete with second generation photovoltaics. Nevertheless, the key issue hindering PSCs full exploitation relies on their stability. Among the strategies devised to overcome this problem, the use of carbon nanostructures (CNSs) as hole transporting materials (HTMs) has given impressive results in terms of solar cells stability to moisture, air oxygen, and heat. Here, the use of a HTM based on a poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) matrix doped with organic functionalized single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and reduced graphene oxide in PSCs is proposed to achieve higher power conversion efficiencies (η = 11% and 7.3%, respectively) and prolonged shelf‐life stabilities (480 h) in comparison with a benchmark PSC fabricated with a bare P3HT HTM (η = 4.3% at 480 h). Further endurance test, i.e., up to 3240 h, has shown the failure of all the PSCs based on undoped P3HT, while, on the contrary, a η of ≈8.7% is still detected from devices containing 2 wt% SWCNT‐doped P3HT as HTM. The increase in photovoltaic performances and stabilities of the P3HT‐CNS‐based solar cell, with respect to the standard P3HT‐based one, is attributed to the improved interfacial contacts between the doped HTM and the adjacent layers.     

On elastic traffic via contention resolution diversity slotted aloha satellite access

This paper presents a performance study relative to the coupling of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) with the Contention Resolution Diversity slotted aloha (CRDSA) protocol, in the case of greedy TCP connections (also called elephants) on Digital Video Broadcasting‐Return Channel via a geostationary satellite. CRDSA, which takes advantage of interference cancellation algorithms for collision/contention resolution, has already exhibited interesting performance when the power levels of all received bursts are perfectly balanced. In this paper, we extend the study to a more realistic case, where a certain spreading of the bursts' power levels is taken into account. The consequent capture effect even facilitates the collision resolution mechanism and yields an improvement in the overall TCP performance with respect to the balanced case. Furthermore, in certain conditions, the adoption of packet level forward error correction allows achieving even higher peaks of throughput than the expected ones. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Intrinsic selectivities and yields in the catalytic hydrogenation of polyenoic fatty acid methyl esters

Precise values of the intrinsic selectivities and yields for the hydrogenation products of methyl linolenate (Ln) and methyl linoleate (L) obtained under carefully controlled conditions using a commercial Ni catalyst are presented and analyzed in detail. The existence of a preferential adsorption of Ln and a significant co-hydrogenation of its double bonds are confirmed as being the dominant features under typical vegetable oil processing conditions. It is shown that the values of the selectivities that are obtained from the classical consecutive reactions network account for the intrinsic selectivity of the catalyst only while hydrogenating feedstocks with moderate to low (<10%) contents of Ln. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Lltoral (U.N.L.)     

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method for the Monitoring of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Allium</Emphasis> Derivative Propyl Propane Thiosulfonate Used as Natural Additive in Animal Feed

A new simple analytical method for monitoring propyl propane thiosulfonate (PTSO) in animal feed is presented. PTSO is an active ingredient from Allium spp. (like onion and shallot), proposed as a natural additive for feed being an efficient alternative to antibiotics used as growth promoter due to its efficiency improving animal health. Reversed-phase liquid chromatography with UV detection has been used and a previous sample treatment based on solid-liquid extraction has been developed and optimized in order to extract PTSO from a feed for laying hens using acetone as extraction solvent. The method has been characterized obtaining limits of detection and quantification of 11.2 and 37.3 mg kg^?1, respectively, which are lower than the concentrations expected in samples containing this additive. The intra- and interday relative standard deviations (RSDs) were lower than 8.3 % in all the cases, and recoveries varied from 90.2 to 94.6 %. Finally, in order to check the unequivocal identification of PTSO, mass spectrometry detection was applied. The proposed method is a simple procedure for monitoring PTSO in commercial feed, being possible to implement it in routine laboratories for quantification purposes and stability studies of the distributed products.     

Bioinformatic characterization of the extracellular lipases from Kluyveromyces marxianus

Lipases are hydrolytic enzymes that break the ester bonds of triglycerides, generating free fatty acids and glycerol. Extracellular lipase activity has been reported for the nonconventional yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus, grown in olive oil as a substrate, and the presence of at least eight putative lipases has been detected in its genome. However, to date, there is no experimental evidence on the physiological role of the putative lipases nor their structural and catalytic properties. In this study, a bioinformatic analysis of the genes of the putative lipases from K. marxianus L-2029 was performed, particularly identifying and characterizing the extracellular expected enzymes, due to their biotechnological relevance. The amino acid sequence of 10 putative lipases, obtained by in silico translation, ranged between 389 and 773 amino acids. Two of the analysed putative proteins showed a signal peptide, 25 and 33 amino acids long for KmYJR107Wp and KmLIP3p, and a molecular weight of 44.53 and 58.23 kDa, respectively. The amino acid alignment of KmLIP3p and KmYJR107Wp with the crystallized lipases from a patatin and the YlLip2 lipase from Yarrowia lipolytica, respectively, revealed the presence of the hydrolase characteristic motifs. From the 3D models of putative extracellular K. marxianus L-2029 lipases, the conserved pentapeptide of each was determined, being GTSMG for KmLIP3p and GHSLG for KmYJR107Wp; besides, the genes of these two enzymes (LIP3 and YJR107W) are apparently regulated by oleate response elements. The phylogenetic analysis of all K. marxianus lipases revealed evolutionary affinities with lipases from abH15.03, abH23.01, and abH23.02 families.