New bottom-injection configurations for converters with a hybrid gas supply

Configurations for bottom injection in a converter are considered. The proposed configurations are employed in industrial tests.     

Pressure leaching of leucoxene concentrate using Ca(OH)<Subscript>2</Subscript>

The results of studying the desiliconization of a leucoxene concentrate using burned lime as a reagent in the presence of NaOH as a catalyst are presented. This process is based on the selective interaction of CaO with the fine silica present in leucoxene grains, which results in the formation of CaSiO₃ at high temperatures and pressures (autoclave process). Experiments are performed on the initial leucoxene concentrate and the products of its beneficiation after magnetizing roasting.     

Various methods for the deoxidation of a Cr-Ni-Mo-V steel during out-of-furnace treatment and their effect on the formation of nonmetallic inclusions

The effect of various methods of deoxidation during out-of-furnace treatment on the content and composition of nonmetallic inclusions in 15Kh2NMFA steel measured after out-of-furnace treatment and in forged pieces made from large ingots of this steel is studied.     

Energy saving for steelmaking in plasma-arc furnaces

A design for a plasma-arc steel-melting furnace with four plasma generators and a rational method for steelmaking, which can decrease the heat time and the electric energy consumption, are pro- posed. The rational arrangement of wall plasma generators in the liquid stages of a heat are determined by analytical investigations.     

Effect of the strain rate on the properties of electrical copper

The effect of the strain rate on the texture and strength characteristics of electrical copper is analyzed using an industrial experiment on low- and high-speed wire drawing. The mechanical properties of the product are determined. The strength of the wire drawn at a high speed is found to be about 20 MPa higher than that of the wire drawn at a low speed. Metallographic analysis shows no differences in the wire structures, and texture analysis reveals differences in the behavior of dominant texture components. The directions of the dominant texture components are found to rotate near the periphery of the workpiece (i.e., at the workpiece surface). The solution of the drawing problem by the finite element method demonstrates an analogous rotation of the principal elongation directions.