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171.
P. Drexler J. Seginak J. Mikulka D. Nešpor Z. Szabó P. Marcoň P. Fiala 《Microsystem Technologies》2016,22(12):2783-2799
The authors discuss the testing of periodic materials and structures via noise spectroscopy as an alternative to frequency sweep spectral analyzers, and the presented procedure employs the various advantages offered by a wide spectrum signal a Generally, noise spectroscopy tests are carried out to verify the behaviour of the response of periodic structures, and the related objective consists in recording the properties of microscopic structures in natural and artificial materials. The aim is to propose and verify a high-precision metrological method utilizable for the investigation of structures and materials in the frequency range between 100 MHz and 10 GHz; this paper therefore characterizes the design of a suitable measuring technique based on noise spectroscopy. In this context, the applied equipment is also shown to complement the underlying theoretical analysis. 相似文献
172.
Colour changes of a thermochromic liquid crystal (TLC) ink printed on a black substrate are clearly observed by the naked eye, and therefore it is reasonable to expect that every approach recommended for colour measurements of samples with solid colour would be appropriate. In addition, the published spectroscopic analyses of TLC inks do not provide any guidance or limitations for the measurement geometry. On the other hand, our study demonstrates that spectroscopic measurements of such samples are not so straightforward. When using the most simple and commonly used measurement equipment with a directional illumination and viewing approach, the temperature-dependent spectral features resolve in a narrow spectral region that gives only a small part of the colour play effect. Detection of the entire effect requires the use of integrating spheres, which spatially integrate the radiant flux reflected on a sample in any direction; better results are obtained by spheres of larger diameter. The comparision of spectroscopic and colorimetric results obtained when different measurement geometries are applied on the same sample may demonstrate certain properties of the liquid crystal material inside microcapsules and help in understanding some details of the optical properties of the ink layer. 相似文献
173.
Dr. Peter Mikuš Iva Valášková Emil Havránek 《Drug development and industrial pharmacy》2013,39(8):795-801
ABSTRACTCapillary electrophoresis (CE) methods for the determination of fexofenadine (FEX) in commercial pharmaceuticals were developed. It was demonstrated that FEX could be effectively analyzed in free solution cationic CE at low pH. Another analytical approach studied was based on cyclodextrin (CD) modified CE where highly charged CD derivatives served as analyte carriers. In this way, the separation range was spread to physiological pH region and a CE analysis of FEX, present actually in its zwitterionic form, could be accomplished. Several parameters affecting the separations were studied, including the type and concentration of carrier ion, counterion, analyte carrier, and pH of the buffer. The methods based on the free solution CE and CD-modified CE were compared each other, validated, and applied for the determination of FEX in tablets. 相似文献
174.
P. Smrdel M. Bogataj F. Podlogar O. Planinšek N. Zajc M. Mazaj 《Drug development and industrial pharmacy》2013,39(5):623-633
ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of alginate beads prepared by ionotropic gelation in which structurally similar drugs were incorporated. For this purpose theophylline and theobromine were selected as model drugs. The influence of incorporated drugs on bead characteristics such as size, shape, and morphology, as well as encapsulation efficiency, was examined. It was found that theobromine as well as theophylline content in beads significantly decreased with increasing hardening time due to drug diffusion into the hardening media. In theobromine beads the drug content was extremely improved by dropping the alginate and drug solution into an acidic calcium chloride solution, while theophylline content was to some extent improved by the hardening of beads in a calcium chloride solution saturated with the drug. The most evident difference between theophylline and theobromine beads was in their shape and morphology. Theobromine beads were round, while theophylline ones had an irregular shape with an extremely wrinkled surface. The distinction in shape was highly dependent on drug content. Additionally, it was demonstrated that beads' shape was dependent on preparation conditions as well. On the basis of x-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses and scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs it was found that the most of the drug in bead was present in an amorphous state. Therefore, it is suggested that some drug–alginate interactions could be present in beads and might be responsible for the different shape of theophylline and theobromine beads.Thus it can be concluded that the preparation of beads by ionotropic gelation cannot be generalized even though structurally similar drugs are incorporated. 相似文献
175.
Milena Premović Milica Tomović Duško Minić Dragan Manasijević Dragana Živković Vladan Ćosović Vladan Grković Aleksandar Đorđević 《Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance》2017,26(6):2491-2501
Ternary Al-Ag-Ga system at 200 °C was experimentally and thermodynamically assessed. Isothermal section was extrapolated using optimized thermodynamic parameters for constitutive binary systems. Microstructure and phase composition of the selected alloy samples were analyzed using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive spectrometry and x-ray powder diffraction technique. The obtained experimental results were found to be in a close agreement with the predicted phase equilibria. Hardness and electrical conductivity of the alloy samples from four vertical sections Al-Ag80Ga20, Al-Ag60Ga40, Ag-Al80Ga20 and Ag-Al60Ga40 of the ternary Al-Ag-Ga system at 200 °C were experimentally determined using Brinell method and eddy current measurements. Additionally, hardness of the individual phases present in the microstructure of the studied alloy samples was determined using Vickers microhardness test. Based on experimentally obtained results, isolines of Brinell hardness and electrical conductivity were calculated for the alloys from isothermal section of the ternary Al-Ag-Ga system at 200 °C. 相似文献
176.
Eva Pavlíková Jaroslav Blaško Renáta Górová Gabriela Addová Róbert Kubinec Milan Margetín Ladislav Soják 《International Dairy Journal》2010,20(9):637-641
Temporal content variations of approximately 70 C4–C24 fatty acids (FA) in colostrum and milk of ewes consuming winter diet were determined by gas chromatography. The content of monounsaturated, polyunsaturated and straight-chain saturated FA 14:0–16:0 in colostrum was higher whereas the content of 4:0–12:0, 18:0 and branched-chain saturated FA 15:0–17:0 was lower than that in mature milk. The effect of ewe breed on the FA profiles was not significant. The composition of FA changed most significantly 1–2 days after lambing in agreement with the time schedule of colostrum formation. Nevertheless, the content of FA further successively changed up to approximately the 6th day of lactation, whereas further changes up to the 60th day of lactation were smaller. This is consistent with the recommendation that ewes' milk is suitable for human consumption after six-to-eight days of lactation. The higher contents of palmitic and myristic acids in colostrum compared with mature milk suggest that FA composition in colostrum matches the changing needs of the growing lambs. 相似文献
177.
Sla?ana Žilić Dejan Dodig Vesna Hadži‐Tašković Šukalović Milan Maksimović Goran Saratlić Biljana Škrbić 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2010,45(7):1360-1367
Potential beneficial components, including proteins, total phenolics, total flavonoids, carotenoids, tocopherols, and DPPH radical scavenging activity, were investigated in wholemeal of ten bread (T. aestivum L.) and ten durum (T. durum Desf.) novel wheat genotypes. In addition, the activity rate of lipoxygenase (LOX) and peroxidase (POD) enzymes implicated in the antioxidant metabolism was determined. The protein contnet and the antioxidant properties varied according to the two different wheat species, as well as, between the different bread and durum wheat genotypes themselves. The results indicated significant differences in proteins and antioxidant compounds between bread and durum wheat. Higher total proteins, wet gluten and antioxidants contents, combined with lower LOX and POD activities, point to a higher nutritive value of durum wheat than bread wheat. 相似文献
178.
Zbyšek Pavlík Anton Trník Martin Keppert Milena Pavlíková Jaromír Žumár Robert Černý 《International Journal of Thermophysics》2014,35(3-4):767-782
Experimental analysis of a wide range of properties of a lightweight plaster which should enhance the heat-storage capacity of building envelopes is presented. The basic physical characteristics, namely, the bulk density, matrix density, total open porosity, and pore-size distribution are measured at first. Then, the compressive strength is determined for an assessment of mechanical performance of the plaster. The thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity are studied using an impulse technique. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements are performed as well, in order to identify the temperature range and latent heat of the phase change and to determine the specific heat capacity as a function of temperature. Durability properties are assessed using the measurement of the water absorption coefficient and sorption and desorption isotherms. The experimental results indicate a good capability of the designed plaster to moderate effectively the interior climate of buildings. 相似文献
179.
180.
Jaroslav Holoubek Josef Baldrian Jiřina Hromádková Miloš Steinhart 《Polymer International》2011,60(4):635-646
This study deals with the investigation of microphase‐separated morphology and phase behaviour in blends of polystyrene‐block‐polyisoprene with homopolystyrene and blends of polystyrene‐block‐poly(methyl methacrylate) with homopoly(methyl methacrylate) or homopolystyrene in the strong segregation regime using small‐angle X‐ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy as a function of composition, molecular weight of homopolymers, rM and temperature. Parameter rM = MH/MC (where MH is the molecular weight of homopolymer and MC that of the corresponding block copolymer) was selected to encompass behaviour of the chains denoted as a ‘wet brush’ (i.e. rM < 1). The relative domain spacing D/Do increases in the regime 0 < rM?1 with increasing concentration of homopolymer wP and increasing rM but depends on the specific implemented morphology. We tested a new approximate D/Do versus wP relation in the strong segregation regime using block copolymers of high molecular weights. It is shown that the parameters rM and χ3/2N determine the slope of the D/Do versus wP relation in the strong segregation regime and the new approximation generally matches the experimental data better than the approximations used so far. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献