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排序方式: 共有1052条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
81.
Emily Jackson Levitt David L. Pelletier Charlotte Dufour Alice N. Pell 《Food Security》2011,3(3):363-381
Coordination across sectors to address undernutrition with its varied underlying causes remains a challenge in developing
countries. In Afghanistan, harmonization of health and agriculture policies and actions to reduce endemic undernutrition occurred
during 2002-2007. This qualitative case study explores the forms of harmonization, enabling features and constraints in the
policy process. We interviewed 57 stakeholders (39 central level, 18 provincial) involved in public nutrition or food security
issues. Forms of harmonization included written policies, reseach, training and advocacy. Important features of the policy
process included: policy entrepreneurs with operational and strategic capacity, consensus-building using a shared causal framework,
working groups and strategic alliances. This case presents an interesting alternative to a national nutrition coordinating
body, an approach that has met with mixed results, often due to the lack of authority, budget, and operational capacity of
such a body to oversee ministries and enforce national nutrition objectives. Mid-level professionals mobilized into task forces
achieved much with the support of national and international partners. This study highlights the importance of building capacity
for sustaining change through local institutions. 相似文献
82.
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84.
Use of cysteine to remove mercury from shark muscle 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Isabel C. M. Aizpur£a Alfredo Tenuta-Filho Alice M. Sakuma & Odair Zenebon 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》1997,32(4):333-337
The efficiency of cysteine to remove mercury from sliced and minced shark was evaluated. Treatment with 0.5% cysteine at pH 2.0–2.5 and subsequent washing with sodium chloride (5%) failed to remove the mercury from the sliced shark. The efficiency of 0.5% cysteine at pH 7.0 in removing mercury from minced shark was 40–45% (dry material), obtained by two of the three methods studied. This removal rate was considered relatively low for it failed to attend to the practical proposal of decontaminating species of fish highly contaminated by mercury. The need for fuller understanding of the mechanisms involved in the removal of mercury by cysteine was also considered. 相似文献
85.
Schmidt Frank L.; Hunter John E.; Outerbridge Alice N. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1986,71(3):432
Based on data from 4 independent studies reported by R. Vineberg and E. N. Taylor (1972) with a total sample size of 1,474, path analysis was used to examine the causal impact of job experience on job knowledge, performance capability as measured by job sample tests, and supervisory ratings of job performance. Findings support the conclusion that (1) when mean job experience is 2–3 yrs, there is substantial variance in job experience and (2) when the jobs are of an intermediate complexity level, job experience has a substantial direct impact on job knowledge and a smaller direct impact on performance capabilities as assessed by job sample measures. Job experience also has a substantial indirect effect on work sample performance through its effect on job knowledge, which, in turn, was found to be the strongest determinant of work sample performance. The pattern and magnitude of causal effects of general mental ability were similar to those of job experience. The effect of job knowledge on supervisory ratings was several times stronger than the effect of job sample performance, confirming the findings of J. E. Hunter (1983). When job experience was held constant, the direct impact of ability on the acquisition of job knowledge increased substantially, and this, in turn, increased the indirect effect of ability on job sample performance. (28 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
86.
Alice V Mkanda Amanda Minnaar Henriëtte L de Kock 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2007,87(15):2868-2879
BACKGROUND: Dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) have a range of varieties, colours and sizes. Differences in physicochemical and sensory properties influence consumer choices for beans. This study related consumer preferences to sensory and physico‐chemical properties of selected bean varieties—Jenny, Kranskop, PAN 148, AC Calmont, PAN 150 and Mkuzi—grown in Mpumalanga (MP) and Free State (FS) in South Africa. RESULTS: Significant (P < 0.05) variety, location as well as location × variety interaction effects were found for both physico‐chemical and sensory properties of beans. Jenny‐FS, Mkuzi and PAN 148‐MP beans had relatively long cooking times (>60 min). Some beans (e.g. PAN 150 and Mkuzi beans) were described as bitter, soapy and metallic with a raw‐bean flavour whereas more preferred beans (e.g. Jenny‐MP, Kranskop‐MP) were sweet, soft and with a cooked‐bean flavour. CONCLUSION Apart from small seed size, sensory characteristics such as bitter taste, soapy and metallic mouthfeel and hard texture contributed to consumers' dislike of certain bean varieties. The sweet taste, cooked‐bean flavours, soft and mushy textures of the most accepted varieties seemed to be related to beans with good hydration capacities that facilitated softening during cooking. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
87.
R. Todd Hunter Mark Edge Aristotle Kalivretenos Kathy M. Brewer Nancy A. Brock Alice E. Hawkes James C. Fanning 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1989,72(6):943-947
The Fe2+ /Fe3+ ratios of 47 simulated nuclear waste glass samples with ratios varying from 0.01 (oxidized) to 1.6 (reduced) were determined by wet-chemical and Mössbauer spectral analyses. The wet-chemical method involved the spectrophotometric determination of Fe2+ and total iron using remote spectroscopy with fiber optic chemical sensing. Interferences from other species present in these glasses were examined and alternative analytical techniques were investigated. Results of wet-chemical and Mössbauer spectral analysis were comparable; however, the wet-chemical method is probably preferable for the analysis of highly radioactive glasses until such glasses have been shown to have satisfactory Mössbauer spectra. 相似文献
88.
89.
This study investigates the media's potential to affect audiences' interpretations of news events. It compares perceptions of the causes of the 1996 presidential election outcome across four media consumption groups: listeners to the program of Rush Limbaugh, listeners to other political talk radio, consumers of mainstream news media, and nonconsumers of news media. Limbaugh listeners were more likely to discount substantive election explanations than were consumers of other types of political talk radio, consumers of mainstream news media, and nonconsumers of news media. These differences in interpretation parallel differences between the content of his program and that of other media. 相似文献
90.
Unequal-area facility layout by genetic search 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
This paper applies genetic optimization with an adaptive penalty function to the shape-constrained unequal-area facility layout problem. We implement a genetic search for unequal-area facility layout, and show how optimal solutions are affected by constraints on permitted department shapes, as specified by a maximum allowable aspect ratio for each department. We show how an adaptive penalty function can be used to find good feasible solutions to even the most highly constrained problems. We describe our genetic encoding, reproduction and mutation operators, and penalty evolution strategy. We provide results from several test problems that demonstrate the robustness of this approach across different problems and parameter settings. 相似文献