A Survey of Handover Techniques for Wireless ATM Networks

This paper provides a review and comprehensivecomparison of existing handover schemes proposed forwireless ATM networks. Existing schemes include thoseproposed by NEC, Olivetti, Bell Labs, Cambridge, Stanford, CMU, Berkeley, Michigan, VTT, andColumbia. We highlight the methodologies employed by thevarious schemes and reveal their differences. We discussissues related to the effect of ATM switch architectures on mobility implementation and on futurehandover paradigms.     

cDNA cloning, tissue distribution, and subcellular localization of horseshoe crab big defensin

A full-length cDNA for horseshoe crab big defensin with a strong antimicrobial activity was obtained from a hemocyte cDNA library. The open reading frame of the cDNA coded for an NH2-terminal signal sequence followed by a propeptide and the mature big defensin. The propeptide is linked to the mature protein through an -Arg-X-Lys/Arg-Arg- motif, the processing site for Kex2-like proteases. Northern blot analysis revealed that big defensin is expressed in all the tissues tested, suggesting that big defensin plays an important role not only in hemocytes but also in other tissues for host defense. The subcellular localization, determined by immunocytochemistry at ultrastructural level, confirmed the previous findings obtained by biochemical analysis that big defensin locates in both small and large granules in hemocytes. Big defensin is the first example to demonstrate the existence of broad tissue distribution in horseshoe crab.     

Pathogenicity of glycoprotein C-deficient herpes simplex virus 1 strain TN-1 which encodes truncated glycoprotein C

A clinical isolate of herpes simplex virus 1 (TN-1) from a stromal keratitis patient was found to be defective in the glycoprotein C (gC) gene (UL44), thus resulting in the production of truncated gC upon infection. To study the pathogenetic role of truncated gC, we prepared a recombinant LTN-8 derived from TN-1 with deletions of the 1.5 kilobase pairs of the gC gene including the initiation codon. A penetration assay revealed LTN-8 to be less efficient in its penetration ability than TN-1, the laboratory strain KOS and RTN-1-20-3, a recombinant derived from TN-1 with the KOS gC gene. The penetration of LTN-8 was facilitated by the addition of TN-1-infected culture medium. TN-1 virus preparations had no hemagglutinating activity. However, the animals infected with TN-1 did develop hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies. The LTN-8-infected animals did not develop HI antibodies. The pathogenicity in BALB/c mice following either corneal, intraperitoneal or intracerebral inoculation did not significantly differ among TN-1, RTN-1-20-3 or LTN-8. Our results indicate that truncated gC was sufficient for the induction of HI antibodies and was also able to facilitate penetration in vitro. Although truncated gC might be a virulence factor acting as a decoy, both truncated gC and intact gC had little effect on the outcome following intracerebral, intraperitoneal or corneal inoculation.     

CWDM Metropolitan Multiple-Access Ring Network Based on Optical Packet Witching

We present a novel CWDM metropolitan multiple-access ring network based on optical switching of packets according to their wavelength. Each node within the MAN is identified by a combination of wavelength and numerical address. Hence, nodes are able to drop packets presenting a particular wavelength and numerical address, but can insert packets in any wavelength into the ring. This configuration allows wavelength sharing, as several nodes are identified by the same wavelength (but different numerical addresses), and simplifies switching requirements since the set of numerical addresses is reduced. We analyze the viability and scalability of such a network, determining the number of nodes supported by the network under different traffic scenarios and wavelength resources. The impact of switching time on network performance is also analyzed in order to determine which switching technology should be employed when implementing the network. An erratum to this article is available at .     

Perceptions of Multicultural Training in Predoctoral Internship Programs: A Survey of Interns and Training Directors.

Multicultural training at internship sites is a critical component in the preparation of doctoral-level psychologists, so the quality of this training is of the utmost importance. In the following study, the authors examine multicultural training from the perspective of predoctoral interns and training directors at counseling center sites that offer a major or minor rotation in multicultural therapy. Results suggest that perspectives vary between interns and training directors and that there is a great difference in the type of criteria used by each site as evidence of a major or minor rotation. The need for more standardized criteria to define major and minor rotations and suggestions for the Association of Psychology Postdoctoral and Internship Centers, internship training directors, and prospective interns are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Rating defence major project success: The role of personal attributes and stakeholder relationships

In this paper we develop and test a model of the associations between major project managers' personal attributes and project success in the context of the Australian Defence industry. In our model, emotional intelligence, cognitive flexibility and systemic thinking were hypothesised to relate to project success, mediated by internal and external stakeholder relationships. The model was tested in an online survey with 373 major project managers. Emotional intelligence and cognitive flexibility were found to be related to the development, quality and effectiveness of major project managers' relationships with both internal and external stakeholders; and these in turn were associated with their ratings of project success. Systemic thinking, however, had no relationship with either stakeholder relationships or project success. Additional research is needed to examine the contribution of a wider range of personal attributes to stakeholder relationships and project success, and to assess whether this model is applicable in other industries and types of projects.     

Photosensitized degradation in water of the phenolic pesticides bromoxynil and dichlorophen in the presence of riboflavin, as a model of their natural photodecomposition in the environment

Within the context of environmentally friendly methods for the elimination of surface-water pollutants, the photodegradation of the phenolic pesticides bromoxynil (BXN) and dichlorophen (DCP) under simulated natural conditions has been studied. The work was done in the presence of the visible-light absorber photosensitizer riboflavin (Rf), usually present in trace quantities in natural waters. Under aerobic conditions, an efficient photooxidation of both pesticides was observed. The relatively intricate photochemical mechanism involves pesticide and oxygen consumption and, to a lesser extent, Rf degradation. The kinetic and mechanistic study supports that both H(2)O(2) and singlet molecular oxygen, O(2)((1)Δ(g)), are involved in the process. Kinetic data for the O(2)((1)Δ(g))-mediated oxidation indicate that BXN and DCP are photodegraded with this species faster than the parent compound phenol, very frequently employed as a model for aquatic contaminants, likely due to their lower pK(a) values. This observation allows the design of phenolic pesticides with different photodegradation rates under environmental conditions.     

Bactericidal effect of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) on Salmonella enterica during storage

The presence of pathogenic bacteria in spices represents a public health risk as a possible cause of food contamination. Salmonella has been found in several spices and it has been involved in food-borne outbreaks, but this bacterium has not been reported as a contaminant of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). We examined a possible antibacterial effect of saffron using samples from Iran, Greece and Spain which were artificially contaminated with clinical isolates belonging to five different serovars of Salmonella. We detected a loss of viability during the room-temperature storage of the saffron samples, with bacteria being undetectable at day 16 except in the case of the DT104 strain of the Typhimurium serovar, in all of the samples, and of the Hadar serovar in the Iranian sample, both of which gave negative culture at day 32. The laboratory strain LT2 of the Typhimurium serovar was undetectable at day 4. To gain an insight into the basis for this bactericidal effect, we measured the inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of safranal and crocin, the main compounds responsible for the flavouring and colouring capabilities of saffron. They were in the order of 8–16 mg/mL and 64–128 mg/mL for safranal and crocin, respectively. These data suggest that these compounds, and probably their chemical relatives, are involved in the antibacterial activity of saffron, and that this effect can significantly reduce the risk of food contamination with Salmonella by this spice.