Clustering assisted artificial neural network for handling noisy big data: An application for estimation of parameter in combined mode conduction and radiation heat transfer

A pattern net assisted mapping artificial neural network (PAMANN) model for estimation of parameters in problem with large data (1300 × 121 matrix size) is reported. A pattern net-based multilayer perceptron neural network (MLPNN) model for clustering the data, followed by mapping MLPNN model for mapping the target with the input, is developed as PAMANN model. A heat transfer problem with combined mode conduction and radiation in porous medium is solved numerically, and is called direct model. In the inverse model, a PAMANN model is developed by using data generated through the direct model. The PAMANN model is able to estimate two parameters (extinction coefficient β and convective coupling P₂) after taking temperature profile as input. The model is tested for different number of neurons in hidden layer, and different levels of noise in input data. Twelve different algorithms are explored in training of mapping MLPNN, and compared for performance. Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm is found to estimate the parameters with high accuracy, but took high CPU time. Bayesian regularization is found to consume very high CPU time with moderate accuracy in estimation of parameters. Variations in hidden layer neuron number and noise in input data, were done to analyze the performance of mapping MLPNN with different training algorithms. Algorithms O-Step Secant, conjugate gradient with Polak-Ribiére updates, and conjugate gradient with Fletcher-Reeves updates are able to handle all variations of noise and number of neurons in hidden layer, with good accuracy of estimation and low CPU time consumption. Under high computational resource LM algorithm can be used for all cases. Up to 0.99132 value of regression coefficient is obtained in mapping MLPNN model with 15 hidden neurons, indicating the high accuracy of the model. With the help of PAMANN model, highly accurate (absolute error 1.78%) estimation of parameters is obtained. The model can handle upto 1% noise in input data, while giving accurate results.     

Dual polarized triple band hybrid MIMO cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna for LTE2500/WLAN/WiMAX applications

In this communication, triple band hybrid multi‐input–multi‐output (MIMO) cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (CDRA) with high isolation is examined. The proposed MIMO antenna includes two symmetric folded microstrip line feeding structures along with CDRA at two different ends of substrate. Two inverted L‐shaped strips on the ground plane are used to enhance the isolation (S₁₂ < ?15 dB) as well as to generates 2.7 GHz frequency band. Metallic strip on the ground plane act as an electromagnetic reflector and also enhance the isolation between two antennas (S₁₂ < ?20 dB). Archetype of proposed MIMO antenna design has been fabricated and tested to validate the simulated results. The proposed antenna operates at three different frequency bands 2.24–2.38 GHz, 2.5–3.26 GHz, and 4.88–7.0 GHz (S₁₁ < ?6 dB) with the fractional bandwidth 6.06%, 26.4%, and 35.7%, respectively. Folded microstrip lines generate path delay between the electric field lines and originate circular polarization characteristics in the frequency range 5.55–5.75 GHz with the fractional bandwidth of 3.55%. In order to satisfy the different performance requirement of MIMO antenna such as envelop correlation coefficient, mean effective gain, effective diversity gain, peak gain are also examined. The proposed antenna is found suitable for LTE2500, WLAN, and WiMAX applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2016.     

Studies on sorption of Cd(II) on Tata chromite mine overburden

Chromite mine overburden containing iron as oxide/hydroxide, a waste material generated in chromite mines was used as sorbent for cadmium. The iron content of material was 43.75% with a specific surface area of 50.8m(2)/g. Batch experiments were conducted to study the sorption behavior of Cd(II) on this material. The variable experimental parameters were: time, pH, temperature, Cd(II) and sample concentration. The point of zero charge (PZC) of the overburden sample was experimentally determined as 6.48 which shifted to a pH of 7.8 when the sample was equilibrated with 100 mg/L Cd(II) solution. Maximum loading capacity of the overburden sample was found to be approximately 19 mg Cd/g of material. It was observed that within 30 min the sorption attains equilibrium. Hence, the sorption data generated at 30 min with various initial Cd(II) concentrations and temperatures were taken to evaluate the thermodynamic parameters, i.e., DeltaG degrees , DeltaH degrees and DeltaS degrees . The DeltaG degrees values reflect the feasibility of the metal removal from aqueous solution. The negative values of DeltaH degrees confirmed the exothermic sorption of cadmium and the positive DeltaS degrees values suggested the increased randomness at the solid-solution interface. The sorption data fitted well to both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models indicating a monolayer sorption. The value of Freundlich parameter 'n' (n is indicative of sorption intensity) lying between 1.46 and 1.59 shows that the surface of the sorbent is heterogeneous in nature.     

Dual role of grass clippings as buffering agent and biomass during anaerobic co-digestion with food waste

Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy - There is a dire need to replace the chemical buffers that regulate the redox environment in single-stage anaerobic digestion of food waste. Hence, the...     

Image captioning improved visual question answering

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Both Visual Question Answering (VQA) and image captioning are the problems which involve Computer Vision (CV) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) domains. In...     

Cubic B-splines method for Hall and ion slip impacts on unsteady MHD rotating flow past a vertical moving porous plate

The heat and mass transfer of unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of Newtonian fluid with Hall current and ion-slip currents due to vast possible engineering applications is very important in areas like power generators, MHD accelerators, refrigeration coils, electric transformers, and heating elements. A quality-based research on Hall and ion-slip consequences on the rotating unsteady MHD flow past an infinite perpendicular moving absorbent plate have not been performed. Therefore, the Hall and ion-slip consequences on rotating unsteady MHD flow past an infinite perpendicular moving absorbent plate have not been performed. The similarity transformations are engaged to transfer the governing partial differential equations within favor of the scheme of nonlinear ordinary differential equations and elucidated numerically making use of cubic B-splines collocation mechanism. The influences of felicitous parameters on basic equations are remarked on through graphical profiles. Even though the computational estimations of frictional forces, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number for various parameters are distributed in tabular format and exchanged of views comparatively.     

Identifying crop water stress using deep learning models

Neural Computing and Applications - The identification of water stress is a major challenge for timely and effective irrigation to ensure global food security and sustainable agriculture. Several...     

CTAB-caped Cu nanoparticles doped on zeolitic imidazolate framework-ZIF-67 as bifunctional catalysts for oxygen-reduction and evolution reactions in alkaline media

Journal of Porous Materials - In order to facilitate the large-scale applications of rechargeable Zn–air batteries, non-noble-metal based materials with high activity for oxygen reduction...     

Development of Phosphodiesterase–Protein-Kinase Complexes as Novel Targets for Discovery of Inhibitors with Enhanced Specificity

Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) hydrolyze cyclic nucleotides to modulate multiple signaling events in cells. PDEs are recognized to actively associate with cyclic nucleotide receptors (protein kinases, PKs) in larger macromolecular assemblies referred to as signalosomes. Complexation of PDEs with PKs generates an expanded active site that enhances PDE activity. This facilitates signalosome-associated PDEs to preferentially catalyze active hydrolysis of cyclic nucleotides bound to PKs and aid in signal termination. PDEs are important drug targets, and current strategies for inhibitor discovery are based entirely on targeting conserved PDE catalytic domains. This often results in inhibitors with cross-reactivity amongst closely related PDEs and attendant unwanted side effects. Here, our approach targeted PDE–PK complexes as they would occur in signalosomes, thereby offering greater specificity. Our developed fluorescence polarization assay was adapted to identify inhibitors that block cyclic nucleotide pockets in PDE–PK complexes in one mode and disrupt protein-protein interactions between PDEs and PKs in a second mode. We tested this approach with three different systems—cAMP-specific PDE8–PKAR, cGMP-specific PDE5–PKG, and dual-specificity RegA–R_D complexes—and ranked inhibitors according to their inhibition potency. Targeting PDE–PK complexes offers biochemical tools for describing the exquisite specificity of cyclic nucleotide signaling networks in cells.     

On the flash sintering behavior of Li:ZnO—Evidence of electrode asymmetry driven by electrochemical reactions

The synthesis, subsequent flash sintering (FS) characteristics and microstructures of pure and Li-incorporated ZnO powders are reported. At low concentrations, Li is a substitutional occupant in ZnO but becomes an amphoteric dopant (substitutional and interstitial occupant) at higher concentrations inferred from a contraction reversal of the unit cell volume. Increasing Li reduces the average flash temperature of ZnO modestly by 15°C, and a doubling of the linear shrinkage. A discernible color smear (yellow–white–dark) stretching from the anode to cathode imputable to strong electromigration is also observed. Microanalyses of the electrode regions establish clear evidence of electrochemical (EC) lithiation into ZnO and the formation of Li–Zn compounds not observed in conventional sintering (CS). Interestingly, in contrast to CS, the addition of Li enhances coarsening during FS, suggestive of a dissolution–reprecipitation process concurrent with the EC lithiation process. Evidence for considerable (local) yet tangible temperature, chemical and microstructural asymmetry among electrodes driven by EC reactions is presented. Probable mechanisms, leading to these observations, are discussed.