Determination of correlation properties of moving diffuser by spectral analyses of the scattered light emerging from two pinholes

Abstract

Correlation properties of light scattered by a moving diffuser are determined by studying the spectral characteristics of the light that emerges from two pinholes placed after the diffuser. These properties are used to determine the correlation functions of the heights of diffuser surface and the speed of the diffuser. The phase of the light on the two pinholes after it has passed through the moving diffuser, is also determined.     

High-Valent Iron-Oxo and -Nitrido Complexes: Bonding and Reactivity

Multiple-bonded iron-oxo and -nitrido species have been identified or proposed as key intermediates in a range of important chemical transformations. The reported model complexes feature various coordination geometries and distinct electronic structures, and therefore exhibit diverse reactivity. The present contribution highlights the synergy from both experimental and theoretical standpoints to elucidate their different bonding situations and delineate their common mechanistic features in hydrogen-atom abstraction processes. Our analysis reveals that a radical centered on the abstracting atom E (E=O, N), which is generated via homolysis of covalent Fe−E bonds upon approaching the transition state, is an intrinsic C−H cleaving agent. The iron-oxo species is predicted to be more reactive than its nitride congener, in general, because the O−H bond formed in the H-atom transfer process is often stronger than the corresponding N−H bond.     

Antifungal activity of five different essential oils in vapour phase for the control of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Lasiodiplodia theobromae in vitro and on mango

Mango fruit has high commercial value; however, major postharvest losses are encountered throughout the supply chain due to postharvest diseases. These results lead to the search for natural fungicide for postharvest diseases control. The antifungal effects of five essential oils (thyme, clove, cinnamon, anise and vitex) were assessed by disc volatilisation method. Thyme oil vapours at 5 μL per Petriplate, and clove and cinnamon oil at 8 μL per Petriplate showed 100% growth inhibition of mango pathogens in vitro. GC/MS analysis of essential oil showed thymol (23.88), o‐cymol (23.88) and terpinolene (23.88) as the major constituents of thyme oil. Clove and cinnamon oils contain 3‐allyl‐2‐methoxyphenol (37.42%) and benzofuran 3‐methyl (17.97%), respectively. Thyme oil as a fumigant at 66.7 μL L^?1 showed a significant (P < 0.05) inhibition on postharvest pathogens of mango fruits stored at 25 °C for 6 days. Results of our study suggest the possibility of using thyme oil as an alternate natural fungicide to manage postharvest diseases in mango.     

Information technology adoption and continuance: A longitudinal study of individuals’ behavioral intentions

Extant research on information technology (IT) adoption and continuance has not adequately modeled the times of adoption by individuals. This study argues that individuals adopt an innovation at different times and are likely to be influenced by different factors over time. The theoretical models are empirically validated using data gathered at three points in time through surveys of 132 users of a new innovation. The results indicate that the innovation attributes and individual characteristics influence individuals’ intentions to adopt the innovation during the early stage, and the innovation attributes and contextual factors impact the individuals’ intentions during the later stage.     

Adhesion energy can regulate vesicle fusion and stabilize partially fused states

Release of neurotransmitters from nerve terminals occurs by fusion of synaptic vesicles with the plasma membrane, and this process is highly regulated. Although major molecular components that control docking and fusion of vesicles to the synaptic membrane have been identified, the detailed mechanics of this process is not yet understood. We have developed a mathematical model that predicts how adhesion forces imposed by docking and fusion molecular machinery would affect the fusion process. We have computed the membrane stress that is produced by adhesion-driven vesicle bending and find that it is compressive. Further, our computations of the membrane curvature predict that strong adhesion can create a metastable state with a partially opened pore that would correspond to the ‘kiss and run’ release mode. Our model predicts that the larger the vesicle size, the more likely the metastable state with a transiently opened pore. These results contribute to understanding the mechanics of the fusion process, including possible clamping of the fusion by increasing molecular adhesion, and a balance between ‘kiss and run’ and full collapse fusion modes.     

Synthesis of biodiesel from Scenedesmus sp. by microwave and ultrasound assisted in situ transesterification using tungstated zirconia as a solid acid catalyst

Oleaginous Scenedesmus sp. was cultivated phototrophically in an open pond for biofuels production. The culture was harvested and subsequently dewatered and dried. The chemical properties of the Scenedesmus sp. lipids were determined as per standard ASTM methods. Biodiesel was synthesized by in situ transesterification from dried biomass using microwave and sonication techniques with tungstated zirconia (WO₃/ZrO₂) as a solid acid catalyst. In situ transesterification allowed minimizing the requirement of solvents by merging the two steps (i.e. extraction of lipid and conversion to biodiesel) to a single step. The use of a solid catalyst effectively reduces the purification cost of biodiesel due to ease of separation and potential for reuse. The conversion of Scenedesmus sp. lipids to biodiesel was determined by GC. Box–Behnken design was used for optimization of the variables to optimize the biodiesel yield and conversion. The efficiency of the two processes was compared.     

Integration of textual cues for fine-grained image captioning using deep CNN and LSTM

Neural Computing and Applications - The automatic narration of a natural scene is an important trait in artificial intelligence that unites computer vision and natural language processing. Caption...