Assessment of bog-body tissue preservation by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Flash pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (py-GC/MS) was used to assess the quality and mechanism of protein preservation in the tissue of Iron Age bog bodies from Lindow, UK, and south-eastern Drenthe, The Netherlands. Abundant pyrolysis products of the fresh skin tissue, including 2,5-diketopiperazines of Pro-Gly, Pro-Ala, Pro-Val, Pro-Pro and Hyp, were readily assigned to specific amino acid or dipeptide moieties. Comparison of the pyrolysates of the bog-body tissues with that of modern samples revealed qualitative similarities suggesting good preservation of the collagen and non-collagenous proteins in the ancient tissues. Examination of the pyrolysates of samples of fresh calf skin, which had been treated with various vegetable tanning agents, clearly revealed markers of non-hydrolysable tannins including 1,2-benzenediol, 1,3-benzenediol and 1,2,3-benzenetriol, although chromatographic quality inevitably diminished with increasing functionalization of the compounds. Such markers were not detected in the pyrolysates of the bog-body tissues. Instead 4-isopropenylphenol, a characteristic pyrolysis product of Sphagnum moss, was detected in both solvent-extracted and base-treated samples of tissue. The presence of 4-isopropenylphenol in the pyrolysates of the bog-body tissues provides evidence that their preservation involves reactions of amino acids with sphagnum acid, and possibly other agents derived from the peat. The study constitutes the first chemical characterization of the pyrolysis products of modern and ancient collagen.     

网络信息安全技术综述

阐述了网络信息安全的三个组成方面,具体分析了在实际应用中的网络安全技术手段,探讨了国内外研究开发网络信息安全技术的现状、发展趋势及我们所应着重采取的策略.     

Genetics of sarcoidosis

Hereditary susceptibility to sarcoidosis is suggested by ethnic preponderance, familial clustering, and multigenerational involvement. The genetics of sarcoidosis cannot be adequately addressed in small samples of patients; a large-scale study with stratification for patient phenotypic differences is necessary. A study that uses both genetic marker and environmental data would be able to control for and examine different causative mechanisms. Until such a well-designed, comprehensive study is carried out, we are left with interesting patterns of disease in families and uncertain allelic associations.     

Expert performance: Its structure and acquisition.

Counter to the common belief that expert performance reflects innate abilities and capacities, recent research in different domains of expertise has shown that expert performance is predominantly mediated by acquired complex skills and physiological adaptations. For elite performers, supervised practice starts at very young ages and is maintained at high daily levels for more than a decade. The effects of extended deliberate practice are more far-reaching than is commonly believed. Performers can acquire skills that circumvent basic limits on working memory capacity and sequential processing. Deliberate practice can also lead to anatomical changes resulting from adaptations to intense physical activity. The study of expert performance has important implications for our understanding of the structure and limits of human adaptation and optimal learning. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A detailed analysis of ambipolar diffusion in nanostructured metal oxide films

In this paper a transport equation is derived which describes the behaviour of the nanostructured metal oxide films in a photoelectrochemical cell. It is shown that a detailed analysis of the charge compensation mechanism necessarily leads to a transport equation with characteristics similar to but logically distinct from the pure diffusion equation. The studied phenomenon was named ambipolar diffusion in the early 1950s. It takes into account the fact that the diffusion processes of ions and electrons occur at different speeds. A weak electric field therefore couples the processes together to preserve charge neutrality. The electric field in turn affects the transport resulting in a deviation from purely diffusive behaviour. However, this has not been widely recognised in the literature for nanostructured semiconductor films until very recently. In this paper a detailed analysis is presented. It is based on the assumption that the current density is solenoidal. It is shown that application of the ambipolar diffusion model to a photoelectrochemical cell based on a nanostructured metal oxide film leads to an additional term in the transport equation, rather than only a new diffusion coefficient as in earlier work. It is also shown that the boundary conditions interact closely with the equation to form a transport model.     

Psoriasis of the nails associated with disability in a large number of patients: results of a recent interview with 1,728 patients

We present the first case of esophagogastric devascularization and esophagogastric transection using a stapler through laparoscopic surgery. The procedure was performed in a 71-year-old diabetic woman with alcoholic liver cirrhosis (Child-Pugh B class), portal hypertension, bleeding grade III esophageal varices, and a previous bleeding episode. The surgical technique was carried out without problems, and the patient had an excellent postoperative condition. Esophagogastric devascularization with esophageal transection using a stapler through laparoscopic surgery is a feasible technique that accomplishes the same and all objectives of the open procedure. Operative time in both methods is the same, whereas surgical trauma, inmunologic depletion, amount of transfused blood, pain, use of analgesics, and hospital stay are reduced in the laparoscopic technique.     

复合微粒高性能混凝土的二级界面显微结构及耐久性研究

将天然纳米纤维材料及活性球形掺合料复合应用于高性能混凝土中,用以改善高性能混凝土的二级界面,探讨胶凝材料的颗粒紧密堆积及显微结构。对混凝土力学性能的研究表明:改善混凝土的二级界面,可以大幅度提高其抗弯强度和弹性模量;对耐久性的研究表明,由于加入了纳米纤维材料,改善了体系颗粒级配及二级界面显微结构,增加了体系密实度,是提高混凝土抗冻性、抗渗性的有效途径。因而,研究高性能混凝土的二级界面显微结构,对于提高高性能混凝土的宏观物理力学性能及耐久性存在巨大潜能。     

Energy System Consequences When Installing an Advanced Delignification Process

In the pulp and paper industry, during major modernization projects the overall energy system consequences are often not estimated in detail, usually only local energy consequences are taken into account when evaluating possible projects. In this paper, the effects on the overall energy system when installing an advanced delignification process (i.e., a “state‐of‐the‐art” pulp digester and oxygen delignification process) will be presented. Also, the effect such an installation has on the potential for further energy integration is discussed. Furthermore, the CO₂ consequences for both installing such a system and integrating the mill further energy‐wise are presented.