10GbE成为主流

数年来,具有10Gbps速度的下一代以太网一直处于即将成为主流的状况。一段时间以来,网络的某些区域已在使用光学技术,并且随着流量的增加,对10GbE数据速率的需求正在增长。但是,需要一种比上一代以太网复杂许多的技术,用于在100m长的铜缆上运行10GbE。这一要求导致了昂贵的MAC（媒体访问控制器）和交换芯片,以及昂贵而又不方便的PHY层接口芯片,由此限制了快速LAN用于那些覆盖数据中心内较短距离的高性能应用。     

面向心脏MRI分割的半监督空间一致性约束网络

精准分割心脏磁共振图像(MRI)分割对于心脏功能分析至关重要.当前基于数据驱动的神经网络模型极大地促进了心脏MRI分割的发展,然而对标注数据的依赖极大地限制了神经网络模型在心脏MRI分割领域的应用.为了降低神经网络模型对于标注数据的依赖,提出一种基于无监督空间一致性约束的半监督心脏MRI分割方法,在少量有标注数据的监督学习基础上,利用无标签数据在模型输入端和输出端分别进行空间变换后前后一致的特性,构建对于无标注数据的空间一致性约束.使用ACDC 2017心脏多组织分割数据集评估了所提出的方法,实验结果表明,相对于有监督学习,通过无监督数据的空间一致性约束能够显著提升模型的泛化能力;此外,相对于其他state-of-the-art的半监督方法,文中方法也拥有更优的泛化性能.     

Engineering design education: the potential offered by artificial intelligence techniques

Current approaches to the teaching of engineering design are reviewed, as are current approaches to the use of computers in designing and in design education. Recent trends in research into the application of artificial intelligence techniques to education are identified. Some ways in which design education might benefit from intelligent tutoring systems research results (in terms of a growing understanding of teaching techniques and learning processes) are proposed. Some potential advantages of applying those results directly in design education are identified.     

A delocalized carbanion monomer preparation: 4,5-dimethylene-1,8-octanediol for use as both functional condensation and diene monomers

Summary The 2,3-dimethylene-1,3-butadiene dianion (2), prepared from 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene (1) using Lochmann's base, has been reacted with ethylene oxide to give 4,5-dimethylene-1,8-octanediol (3). This monomer has been incorporated into a polyester via low temperature solution polymerization, and the resultant copolyester has been characterized by ¹H NMR, intrinsic viscosity, and DSC. Also, the free radically formed diene polymer of 3 has been investigated.     

The passive solar heated school in Wallasey. VII. Window opening behaviour and the microclimate of a classroom

Previous work on factors which influence the opening or closing of windows suggests that at low ambient temperatures movement might be associated with odour levels, at intermediate temperatures, with ambient humidity and at higher ambient temperatures with the need to cool buildings. The data on window position, together with other physical measures during the period of observation in the Wallasey School, has been examined to see what quantity is most closely associated with window position. It appears that in the classroom the number of open windows depends mainly upon air temperature, but it also depends markedly on time of day.     

Achievement motivation, achieving styles, and morale in the elderly.

This research extends the literature on variables predictive of morale from the often-researched demographic, physical, and social factors to the psychological variables of achievement motivation and achieving styles. A sample of 115 older adults completed the Work and Family Orientation Questionnaire, the L-BLA Achieving Styles Inventory, and the PGC (Philadelphia Geriatric Center) Morale Scale. Regression analysis indicated that five variables were predictive of morale: (a) direct achieving style, (b) instrumental achieving style, (c) health, (d) social participation, and (e) age. The instrumental achieving style and age were inversely related to morale, although the direct and instrumental achieving styles were the two best predictors of morale. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Controlling teaching strategies: Undermining children's self-determination and performance": Correction to Flink et al.

Reports an error in "Controlling teaching strategies: Undermining children's self-determination and performance" by Cheryl Flink, Ann K. Boggiano and Marty Barrett (Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1990[Nov], Vol 59[5], 916-924). In the article, Figure 1 on page 922 is labeled incorrectly. The labels in both the left and right panels of the figure should be reversed so that No Pressure Condition is the label for the broken lines and Pressure Condition is the label for the solid lines. The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 1991-13808-001.) Examined the hypothesis that students would show performance impairment when they were exposed to teachers who were pressured to maximize student performance level and who used controlling strategies. For this purpose, 4th-grade teachers and their students participated in a field experiment in which teachers either were pressured to maximize student performance or were told simply to help their students learn. In addition, the teaching sessions were videotaped to assess teachers' use of controlling strategies, as rated by blind coders. Following the teaching sessions, student performance on tasks initially taught by teachers as well as on a generalization task was assessed by blind experimenters. As predicted, the data indicated that students evidenced performance impairment during the subsequent testing session only when they were exposed to pressured teachers using controlling strategies. Results are discussed within the context of self-determination theory. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Mixed Intermediate Effect in Calcium Alumino/Galliosilicate Glasses

Glasses in the calcium alumino/galliosilicate system were prepared. All glasses contained 30 mol% CaO. The density, refractive index, and infrared spectra were measured. These glasses exhibited additive behavior in all properties, which implies that Al and Ga play isostructural roles in the glass network. These results agree with those reported previously for lithium alumino/galliosilicate glasses.     

Oxygen barrier materials from renewable sources: Material properties of softwood hemicellulose‐based films

The aim of this study was to investigate the film‐forming ability of the hemicellulose O‐acetyl‐galactoglucomannan (AcGGM) and to evaluate its potential as a barrier material. The polymer film was evaluated by measurement of its oxygen permeability (Ox‐Tran® Mocon), thermal properties (differential scanning calorimetry), and dynamic mechanical properties under a humidity scan (humidity‐scan DMA). The AcGGM was isolated from industrial process water obtained from mechanical wood pulping. The self‐supporting films were formed by solution‐casting from water. As expected, a plasticizer was needed to avoid brittleness, and glycerol, sorbitol, and xylitol were compared. However, these additives resulted in higher sensitivity to moisture, which might be less beneficial for some applications. Interesting oxygen barrier and mechanical strength properties were achieved in a film obtained from a physical blend of AcGGM and either alginate or carboxymethylcellulose, both having a substantially higher molecular weight than AcGGM. No phase separation was observed, since all the components used were rich in hydroxyl functionalities. When a plasticizer was also added to the binary mixture, a compromise between (1) low O₂ permeability, (2) high mechanical toughness, and (3) flexibility of an AcGGM‐based film was obtained. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 2985–2991, 2006     

The Visual Resources Association,its role and its future

The Visual Resources Association is an international organization for those involved in image information management. Membership includes image specialists of all types, librarians, museum curators, gallery representatives, system vendors, historians, artists, and those involved in intellectual property. The Association has a publications program, and has been working on several initiatives over the last ten years in the areas of intellectual property, the development of image cataloguing standards, and professional status standards. As the image information profession changes, the Association is moving in new directions to continually serve its membership.