Effects of calcium salts differing in fatty acid composition on duodenal and milk fatty acid profiles in dairy cows

Ruminal biohydrogenation of fatty acids (FA) was studied in vivo in relation with the fermentation pattern in the rumen and milk secretion. Calcium salts (Ca salts) of palm oil (diet 1) or rapeseed oil (diet 2) were given to dairy cows (about 650 g day^?1) in a diet based on maize silage. Significant variation in propionate concentration was observed among diets. Rumen pH and total volatile fatty acids (VFA) did not change. Duodenal FA pattern was analysed throughout the day. With diets 1 and 2, linoleic acid was to a large extent biohydrogenated: calculations of ruminal biohydrogenation were equal to 63.6 and 74.0% for diets 1 and 2, respectively. No difference between diets was observed in milk production, fat and protein percentages. The percentages of stearic and octadecenoic FA in milk were higher and the percentage of palmitic acid was lower with Ca salts of rapeseed oil FA than with Ca salts of palm oil FA.     

Embedding a Threshold Concept in Teaching and Learning of Product Development Management

This paper uses insights from the literature on threshold concepts to develop a structure for understanding teaching and learning in the area of managing product development. The paper defines the threshold concept, outlines pedagogic principles and describes learning activities that seek to enact these principles. The paper is based upon experience of an established final‐year university undergraduate course.     

Oxidation in fish oil-enriched mayonnaise: 4. Effect of tocopherol concentration on oxidative deterioration

The effect of the water-dispersible tocopherol preparation, Grindox 1032, and the oil-soluble tocopherol preparation, Toco 70, on oxidative stability in fish oil-enriched mayonnaise was examined. The two commercial antioxidant preparations were supplemented in different levels corresponding to 20-280 ppm tocopherol in addition to the 600 ppm present in the oils used for the mayonnaise. The oxidative stability was assessed by sensory analysis, the tendency of formation of free radicals, and concentrations of lipid hydroperoxides and volatile oxidation products. The effect of tocopherol on oxidation depended on the nature and the concentration of the tocopherol preparation employed, and it also depended on the parameters evaluated. Addition of high levels of Grindox 1032 (~140-280 ppm tocopherol) thus decreased the intensity of rancid off-flavor, but increased the formation of fishy off-flavors, the tendency of free radical formation and the concentration of certain volatiles. In contrast, low levels of Grindox 1032 (<70 ppm tocopherol) reduced the concentration of some volatiles, but did not seem to influence the off-flavor profile of the mayonnaise. Toco 70, which was only supplemented in low levels (<40 ppm tocopherol) increased the tendency for free radical formation, changed the profile of volatiles, and did not have a clear effect on the fishy and rancid off-flavor formation. Thus, additional tocopherol did not appear to be an efficient antioxidant in fish oil-enriched mayonnaise, perhaps because it cannot prevent the metal-catalyzed decomposition of peroxides, which we previously suggested to play an important role in mayonnaise.     

Passive geolocalization of radio transmitters: Algorithm and performance in narrowband context

Passive localization commonly consists of a two steps strategy. In the first step, intermediate parameters, often called measurements (such as angles of arrival (AOA), times of arrival (TOA), etc.) are measured on several base stations equipped with sensor arrays. In a second step, the transmitted intermediate parameters are then used to estimate the position at a central processing unit. Such approach is suboptimal. To overcome this limitation, one step algorithms were recently proposed. They exploit simultaneously all received signals of all base stations seen as a global array in order to provide the source positions directly. In this paper, we propose an original one step algorithm called global MUSIC approach (GMA). The GMA offers better performance in narrowband context. Moreover it does not require the use of filter banks in the wideband signal context, contrary to the recently proposed direct position determination (DPD). GMA appears to outperform the DPD in wideband context. We also investigate in this paper by means of a Cramer-Rao bound analysis the potential gain achievable by a one step approach compared to a conventional two steps approach. Finally, numerical results illustrate the improvement of the proposed method compared to existing techniques in terms of location error and robustness to the time-bandwidth product.     

An exploration of empowerment in manufacturing enterprises

This paper investigates empowerment within manufacturing production. Empowerment is multidimensional. Understanding the implications of operationalising empowerment requires an appreciation of all its dimensions. These dimensions are captured in Empowerment Profiles, which are incorporated within a conceptual framework. A sample of the Empowerment Profiles is validated using case studies. The Empowerment Profiles appear to have potential as a tool to assist in preparing to implement empowered work strategies, focusing attention on issues to be considered.     

Review of Career counseling: A narrative approach.

Reviews the book, Career counseling: A narrative approach by Larry Cochran (2000). This book introduces a narrative approach to career counselling. The author specifically makes the distinction that this is a counselling approach, not a career development theory. A narrative approach invites counsellors to make their career interventions with clients more personal. In contrast to the traditional objective emphasis in career counselling, this is a subjective approach that emphasizes meaning and meaning-making. Cochran characterizes the central task of career counselling as "emplotment" rather than matching. Emplotment involves casting the individual as the main character in a career narrative that is meaningful, productive, and fulfilling. The book is intended for scholars, professionals, and graduate students who already have some familiarity with counselling and career development. It is presumed that the reader has at least some knowledge and skill in counselling. At the end of each chapter, there are exercises that enable the reader to apply the principles and concepts outlined in the chapter. A client situation is described, and several questions are used to guide the reader. Overall, this book is a welcome addition to the career literature. Indeed, the approach need not only be used in counselling involving work or occupational problems. Meaning-making and narrative concepts can be applied to any and all issues in people's lives. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

D.C. electrical conductivity measurements on ADP single crystals added with simple organic compounds

Pure and impurity added (with urea and thiourea) ADP single crystals were grown by the free evaporation method. D.C. electrical conductivity measurements were carried out along both the unique axis and perpendicular directions at various temperatures ranging from 40–150°C by the conventional two-probe method. Activation energies were also determined. The present study indicates that the conductivity increases with the increase in impurity concentration and temperature.