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81.
A complete and efficient CUDA-sharing solution for HPC clusters 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Antonio J. Peña Carlos Reaño Federico Silla Rafael Mayo Enrique S. Quintana-Ortí José Duato 《Parallel Computing》2014
In this paper we detail the key features, architectural design, and implementation of rCUDA, an advanced framework to enable remote and transparent GPGPU acceleration in HPC clusters. rCUDA allows decoupling GPUs from nodes, forming pools of shared accelerators, which brings enhanced flexibility to cluster configurations. This opens the door to configurations with fewer accelerators than nodes, as well as permits a single node to exploit the whole set of GPUs installed in the cluster. In our proposal, CUDA applications can seamlessly interact with any GPU in the cluster, independently of its physical location. Thus, GPUs can be either distributed among compute nodes or concentrated in dedicated GPGPU servers, depending on the cluster administrator’s policy. This proposal leads to savings not only in space but also in energy, acquisition, and maintenance costs. The performance evaluation in this paper with a series of benchmarks and a production application clearly demonstrates the viability of this proposal. Concretely, experiments with the matrix–matrix product reveal excellent performance compared with regular executions on the local GPU; on a much more complex application, the GPU-accelerated LAMMPS, we attain up to 11x speedup employing 8 remote accelerators from a single node with respect to a 12-core CPU-only execution. GPGPU service interaction in compute nodes, remote acceleration in dedicated GPGPU servers, and data transfer performance of similar GPU virtualization frameworks are also evaluated. 相似文献
82.
Ginés D. Guerrero José M. Cecilia Antonio Llanes José M. García Martyn Amos Manuel Ujaldón 《The Journal of supercomputing》2014,69(1):318-329
The rapidly growing field of nature-inspired computing concerns the development and application of algorithms and methods based on biological or physical principles. This approach is particularly compelling for practitioners in high-performance computing, as natural algorithms are often inherently parallel in nature (for example, they may be based on a “swarm”-like model that uses a population of agents to optimize a function). Coupled with rising interest in nature-based algorithms is the growth in heterogenous computing; systems that use more than one kind of processor. We are therefore interested in the performance characteristics of nature-inspired algorithms on a number of different platforms. To this end, we present a new OpenCL-based implementation of the Ant Colony Optimization algorithm, and use it as the basis of extensive experimental tests. We benchmark the algorithm against existing implementations, on a wide variety of hardware platforms, and offer extensive analysis. This work provides rigorous foundations for future investigations of Ant Colony Optimization on high-performance platforms. 相似文献
83.
Kenton O’Hara Gerardo Gonzalez Graeme Penney Abigail Sellen Robert Corish Helena Mentis Andreas Varnavas Antonio Criminisi Mark Rouncefield Neville Dastur Tom Carrell 《Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW)》2014,23(3):299-337
While surgical practices are increasingly reliant on a range of digital imaging technologies, the ability for clinicians to interact and manipulate these digital representations in the operating theatre using traditional touch based interaction devices is constrained by the need to maintain sterility. To overcome these concerns with sterility, a number of researchers are have been developing ways of enabling interaction in the operating theatre using touchless interaction techniques such as gesture and voice to allow clinicians control of the systems. While there have been important technical strides in the area, there has been little in the way of understanding the use of these touchless systems in practice. With this in mind we present a touchless system developed for use during vascular surgery. We deployed the system in the endovascular suite of a large hospital for use in the context of real procedures. We present findings from a study of the system in use focusing on how, with touchless interaction, the visual resources were embedded and made meaningful in the collaborative practices of surgery. In particular we discuss the importance of direct and dynamic control of the images by the clinicians in the context of talk and in the context of other artefact use as well as the work performed by members of the clinical team to make themselves sensable by the system. We discuss the broader implications of these findings for how we think about the design, evaluation and use of these systems. 相似文献
84.
José I. Ronda Antonio Valdés Guillermo Gallego 《Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision》2014,50(3):179-198
In 3D reconstruction, the recovery of the calibration parameters of the cameras is paramount since it provides metric information about the observed scene, e.g., measures of angles and ratios of distances. Autocalibration enables the estimation of the camera parameters without using a calibration device, but by enforcing simple constraints on the camera parameters. In the absence of information about the internal camera parameters such as the focal length and the principal point, the knowledge of the camera pixel shape is usually the only available constraint. Given a projective reconstruction of a rigid scene, we address the problem of the autocalibration of a minimal set of cameras with known pixel shape and otherwise arbitrarily varying intrinsic and extrinsic parameters. We propose an algorithm that only requires 5 cameras (the theoretical minimum), thus halving the number of cameras required by previous algorithms based on the same constraint. To this purpose, we introduce as our basic geometric tool the six-line conic variety (SLCV), consisting in the set of planes intersecting six given lines of 3D space in points of a conic. We show that the set of solutions of the Euclidean upgrading problem for three cameras with known pixel shape can be parameterized in a computationally efficient way. This parameterization is then used to solve autocalibration from five or more cameras, reducing the three-dimensional search space to a two-dimensional one. We provide experiments with real images showing the good performance of the technique. 相似文献
85.
The radical polymerization of the macromonomer poly(ethyleneglycol) methyl ether methacrylate with ammonium persulfate at 60°C was carried out. The polymer was completely soluble in water. Yield was 75%. The polymacromonomer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Mn, Mw, and the polydispersity were determined by gel permeation chromatography. The polymacromonomer showed a high thermal stability with a TDT50% of 420°C. The metal ion binding capacity of this polychelatogen with respect to different metal ions was investigated through the liquid‐phase polymer‐based retention (LPR) technique. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 2929–2934, 2002 相似文献
86.
Dragan Jocic Susana Vílchez Tatjana Topalovic Ricardo Molina Antonio Navarro Petar Jovancic Maria Rosa Juli Pilar Erra 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2005,97(6):2204-2214
This study examines in detail the influence of low‐temperature plasma and biopolymer chitosan treatments on wool dyeability. Wool knitted fabrics were treated and characterized by whiteness and shrink‐resistance measurements. Surface modification was assessed by contact‐angle measurements of human hair fibers, which were used as a model to study the wetting properties of the treated wool knitted fabrics. The dyeing behavior was assessed from the diffusion mechanism point of view. The dyeing kinetics were measured at two different pHs (4.2 and 6.5) and three different temperatures (60, 85, and 100°C) to gain information about the contribution of the surface modification treatment to the dyeing mechanism. The exhaustion and reflectance data were compared, and the apparent diffusion coefficients were calculated. On the basis of the obtained results, a model for the dyeing mechanism of the chitosan treated wool was proposed. When treated with chitosan, the polymer sheath spread on the surface of the fibers acted as a predominant dyeing site in very short dyeing times, thus interacting with the dye and in later stages imparting the dye to the wool fiber. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 2204–2214, 2005 相似文献
87.
Wanda?Regina?Caly Edna?Strauss Flair?José?CarrilhoEmail author Antonio?Atílio?Laudanna 《Nutrition journal》2003,2(1):10
Objectives
In this work we investigated how immunological dysfunction and malnutrition interact in alcoholic and viral aetiologies of cirrhosis.Methods
To investigate the matter, 77 cirrhotic patients divided in three aetiologies [Alcohol, HCV and Alcohol + HCV) and 32 controls were prospectivelly and sequentially studied. Parameters of humoral immunity (Components 3 and 4 of seric complement and immunoglobulins A M, G and E) and of cellular immunity (total leukocytes and lymphocytes in peripheral blood, T lymphocytes subpopulations, CD4+ and CD8+, CD4+/CD8+ ratio and intradermic tests of delayed hypersensitivity), as well as nutrititional parameters: anthropometric measures, serum albumin and transferrin were evaluated.Results
Multiple statistical comparisons showed that IgM was higher in HCV group; IgG was significantly elevated in both HCV and Alcohol + HCV, whereas for the Alcohol group, IgE was found at higher titles. The analysis of T- lymphocytes subpopulations showed no aetiologic differences, but intradermic tests of delayed hypersensitivity did show greater frequency of anergy in the Alcohol group. For anthropometric parameters, the Alcohol +HCV group displayed the lowest triceps skinfold whereas creatinine – height index evaluation was more preserved in the HCV group. Body mass index, arm muscle area and arm fat area showed that differently from alcohol group, the HCV group was similar to control.Conclusion
Significant differences were found among the main aetiologies of cirrhosis concerning immunological alterations and nutritional status: better nutrition and worse immunology for HCV and vice-versa for alcohol.88.
Gustavo Avolio Dominique M. M.‐P. Schreurs Antonio Raffo Giovanni Crupi Alina Caddemi Giorgio Vannini B. Nauwelaers 《国际射频与微波计算机辅助工程杂志》2014,24(1):109-116
This work presents a straightforward approach aimed at modeling the dynamic I–V characteristics of microwave active solid‐state devices. The drain‐source current generator represents the most significant source of nonlinearity in a transistor and, therefore, its correct modeling is fundamental to predict accurately the current and voltage waveforms under large‐signal operation. The proposed approach relies on using a small set of low‐frequency time‐domain waveform measurements combined with numerical optimization‐based estimation of the nonlinear model parameters. The procedure is applied to a gallium nitride HEMT and silicon FinFET. The effectiveness of the modeling procedure in terms of prediction accuracy and generalization capability is demonstrated by validation of the extracted models under operating conditions different than the ones used for the parameters estimation. Good agreement between measurements and model simulations is achieved for both technologies and in both low‐ and high‐frequency range. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 24:109–116, 2014. 相似文献
89.
This work presents a dominant point detector. The angles of the contour are characterized through local entropy produced by a rotationally symmetric smoothing. The proposed scheme uses a punctual multi-scale approach in which only the candidates are analyzed in higher scales. To preserve the angle-entropy relationship in higher scales, we propose a smoothing kernel which presents special features that ensure its steepness in every scale. It is built from the sum of two Gaussians with different openings resembling center-surround receptive fields. The outputs of the proposed method are confronted to a ground-truth found in the literature, and to popular boundary based corner detectors that used the same set of images. Results reveal that the proposed detector performs extremely well. 相似文献
90.
Binary and m-ary encoding in applications of tree-based genetic algorithms for QoS routing 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Vincenzo Maniscalco Silvana Greco Polito Antonio Intagliata 《Soft Computing - A Fusion of Foundations, Methodologies and Applications》2014,18(9):1705-1714
Ubiquitous and Pervasive Computing (UPC) applications often have Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. These become constraints for the UPC network infrastructure. In this paper, we refer to Mobile ad Hoc Networks, one of the most important technologies supporting UPC, and investigate on Genetic Algorithms (GAs) for QoS routing. GAs are part of the soft computing paradigm and can solve the NP search of QoS routes with multiple constraints. We elaborate on tree-based GAs, which represent the set of paths from source to destination as a tree and encode them through the crossed junctions. While their most well-known applications use m-ary encoding representing single paths in the chromosomes, in this paper we discuss a binary encoding with the objective of improving the convergence speed. The binary encoding represents classes of paths in the chromosomes and allows local search on classes of paths. These classes are both collectively exhaustive and mutually exclusive. Simulation results compare convergence speed and scalability of GA applications with binary and m-ary encoding in networks with an increasing number of nodes and links per node. As the per-class processing is reason of additional computational cost, an hybrid GA application that uses both binary and m-ary encoding is introduced. 相似文献