An allostratigraphic approach to subdivide fine-grained sediments for urban planning

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment - Fine-grained sediments in southern Finland were deposited during the retreat of the continental Fennoscandian ice-sheet at around...     

Towards gadget-free internet services: A roadmap of the Naked world

This paper presents a roadmap for the transition from current gadget-centric digital services towards a gadget-free services environment called the Naked world. The main idea of the Naked world is that all the services which are currently provided by gadgets will be provided by the infrastructure, thus no gadgets will be needed to use any kind of digital services. When a user in the Naked world intends to use a service, the infrastructure senses the user, the nearby intelligent surrounding launches an interactive user interface, performs identification through biometric identities, provides the service, and then closes the session when the user finishes the job. Therefore, the Naked world comprises highly intelligent and context-aware interactive environments. The vision of the Naked world is an evolution towards a user-friendly and ubiquitously available digital services, which is naturally bounded by the technological advancement. Henceforth, this paper presents the essential technologies and functional requirements along with the current and forthcoming novel technological concepts and challenges for the realization of the Naked world.     

Flavor challenges in extruded plant-based meat alternatives: A review

Demand for plant-based meat alternatives has increased in recent years due to concerns about health, ethics, the environment, and animal welfare. Nevertheless, the market share of plant-based meat alternatives must increase significantly if they are to support sustainable food production and consumption. Flavor is an important limiting factor of the acceptability and marketability of plant-based meat alternatives. Undesirable chemosensory perceptions, such as a beany flavor, bitter taste, and astringency, are often associated with plant proteins and products that use them. This study reviewed 276 articles to answer the following five research questions: (1) What are the volatile and nonvolatile compounds responsible for off-flavors? (2) What are the mechanisms by which these flavor compounds are generated? (3) What is the influence of thermal extrusion cooking (the primary structuring technique to transform plant proteins into fibrous products that resemble meat in texture) on the flavor characteristics of plant proteins? (4) What techniques are used in measuring the flavor properties of plant-based proteins and products? (5) What strategies can be used to reduce off-flavors and improve the sensory appeal of plant-based meat alternatives? This article comprehensively discusses, for the first time, the flavor issues of plant-based meat alternatives and the technologies available to improve flavor and, ultimately, acceptability.     

用碱回收炉提高发电量

20世纪碱回收炉的主要任务是回收有价值的割浆蒸煮药液，发电并不重要。现如今．用娥回收炉采增加发电量的重要性不断提高。这些变化的主要原因是电的价格。本文将介绍增加电产量的传统方法、新的思想和见解，特别是采用冷凝汽轮机其主要目的在于展示这些方法的效果．以便于其结果的可比性。本研究的基本事例为1台传统的碱回收炉，生产能力为4000t(固形物)／d，同时配备有备压汽轮机和冷凝汽轮机。本文将要介绍的方法为：增加黑液固含量、空气预热、吹灰系统、给水预热、蒸汽参数和电除尘后的热回收。     

Photocurrent generation in fullerene-phthalocyanine composite by in situ cationic polymerization

Liquid phthalocyanine and fullerene derivative monomers were synthesized, which can be cationically polymerized either thermally or by light and are suitable for preparing complex solar cell structures, obtainable only by organic vacuum deposition till now. A sandwich solar cell with a bulk heterojunction layer between single layers was shown to produce higher currents and voltages than either pure bilayer or pure bulk heterojunction. The proposed in situ polymerization method can be applied to a variety of active layers for preparation of solution-processed solar cells.     

Role of forest sector and bioenergy in limiting the carbon emissions of Finland

The greenhouse impacts of the Finnish forest sector, including the forest biomass, forest industry, forest products in use, foreign trade and waste management are discussed. The main carbon storages and flows are estimated and the greenhouse gas balance both totally and on national level are presented. The history of the greenhouse impact is also estimated and two future scenarios of the forest sector are compared. The present use and potential for additional use of bioenergy is also reviewed, and the impact of expanded bioenergy use on the national CO₂ emissions is illustrated with scenario examples.     

Robust System for Indoor Localisation and Identification for the Health Care Environment

In this study, an improved version of the low-frequency indoor location system, with a larger detection range and more durable antenna laminate, is presented. The basic system uses quad antennas, placed under the floor surface, to locate tags with 125-kHz radio signals. The improvements were achieved with a one-layer laminate construction and transmitter electronics that can feed larger currents to the antennas. The measured tag detection height was 2 m, which is adequate for location applications. The low-frequency signal was not affected by normal objects. The tag location reliability of 96.3% was verified with a practical test.     

Zero-Forcing Spatial Interweave with Greedy Scheduling

In this work, the effect of the multipath on the capacity and the interference statistics of the sectors of the highways cigar-shaped W-CDMA microcells is studied. A model of five microcells is used to analyze the uplink. The capacity and the interference statistics of the microcell are studied for different antenna sidelobe levels and different sector ranges. In the study, imperfect power control and limited transmitted power are assumed. Users are assumed to be within equally spaced buses and cars. The uplink capacity of the sector is studied assuming three types of services, namely, voice, 3G data and 3.75G data (representing the High Speed Uplink Packet Access). It is shown that, the sector uplink capacity depends on the buses and cars density within the sector. The capacity is also given as a function of the number of buses and cars within the sector.     

Third generation WCDMA radio evolution

Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) produced the first full version of the WCDMA standard at the end of 1999. This release, called Release'99, contains all the necessary elements to meet the requirements for IMT‐2000 technologies, including 2 Mbps data rate with variable bit‐rate capability, support of multi‐service, QoS differentiation and efficient packet data. The Release 5 specifications were created in March 2002 and they contain downlink packet data operation enhancement, under the title high speed downlink packet access (HSDPA). HSDPA utilizes Hybrid ARQ and higher order modulation for improving data‐spectral efficiency and for pushing bit rates beyond 10 Mbps. The further 3GPP releases will study the enhancements of packet‐data performance in uplink. Other important features in future 3GPP releases include advanced antenna technologies and WCDMA standard for new spectrum allocations. The paper describes the main solutions of 3GPP WCDMA standard in more detail. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.