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141.
    
2D metal chalcogenide thin films have recently attracted considerable attention owing to their unique physicochemical properties and great potential in a variety of applications. Synthesis of large‐area 2D metal chalcogenide thin films in controllable ways remains a key challenge in this research field. Recently, the solution‐based synthesis of 2D metal chalcogenide thin films has emerged as an alternative approach to vacuum‐based synthesis because it is relatively simple and easy to scale up for high‐throughput production. In addition, solution‐based thin films open new opportunities that cannot be achieved from vacuum‐based thin films. Here, a comprehensive summary regarding the basic structures and properties of different types of 2D metal chalcogenides, the mechanistic details of the chemical reactions in the synthesis of the metal chalcogenide thin films, recent successes in the synthesis by different reaction approaches, and the applications and potential uses is provided. In the last perspective section, the technical challenges to be overcome and the future research directions in the solution‐based synthesis of 2D metal chalcogenides are discussed.  相似文献   
142.
    
This paper investigates the flow and thermal properties of a combined multiple shell pass (CMSP)-shell and tube heat exchanger (STHE) with the provision of unilateral ladder-type helical baffle (ULHB) and continuous helical baffle (HB) in the outer shell pass of the heat exchanger. Two CMSP-STHEs with ULHB and HB, respectively, are compared with the traditional STHE having segmental baffles (SG-STHE) using the computational fluid dynamics method. The computational outcomes are validated with the empirical correlations of the Kern and Esso method. The Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes-based standard kω turbulence model accurately predicts the heat transfer (HT) rate and pressure drop. The computed results of HT rate, pressure drop, and logarithmic mean temperature difference corresponding to various mass flow rates (m) for three STHEs are presented. The results show that the overall HT rate of CMSP (ULHB)-STHE and the CMSP (HB)-STHE at the same mass flow rate are nearly 28.3% and 14.8% larger than that of traditional SG-STHE, respectively. Furthermore, the overall area-weighted average pressure drop (ΔP) of CMSP (HB)-STHE is smaller than that of SG-STHE by 26.5% at the same mass flow rate (m) and for CMSP (ULHB)-STHE it is larger by 2% than that of traditional STHE. Based on the above results, it is concluded that the CMSP (ULHB)-STHE is a suitable replacement for the conventional SG-STHEs.  相似文献   
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144.
    
Two distinct stacking orders in ReS2 are identified without ambiguity and their influence on vibrational, optical properties and carrier dynamics are investigated. With atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), two stacking orders are determined as AA stacking with negligible displacement across layers, and AB stacking with about a one-unit cell displacement along the a axis. First-principles calculations confirm that these two stacking orders correspond to two local energy minima. Raman spectra inform a consistent difference of modes I & III, about 13 cm−1 for AA stacking, and 20 cm−1 for AB stacking, making a simple tool for determining the stacking orders in ReS2. Polarized photoluminescence (PL) reveals that AB stacking possesses blueshifted PL peak positions, and broader peak widths, compared with AA stacking, indicating stronger interlayer interaction. Transient transmission measured with femtosecond pump–probe spectroscopy suggests exciton dynamics being more anisotropic in AB stacking, where excited state absorption related to Exc. III mode disappears when probe polarization aligns perpendicular to b axis. The findings underscore the stacking-order driven optical properties and carrier dynamics of ReS2, mediate many seemingly contradictory results in the literature, and open up an opportunity to engineer electronic devices with new functionalities by manipulating the stacking order.  相似文献   
145.
    
Adulteration in food has been a concern since the beginning of civilization, as it not only decreases the quality of food products but also results in a number of ill effects on health. Authentic testing of food and adulterant detection of various food products is required for value assessment and to assure consumer protection against fraudulent activities. Through this review we intend to compile different types of adulterations made in different food items, the health risks imposed by these adulterants and detection methods available for them. Concerns about food safety and regulation have ensured the development of various techniques like physical, biochemical/immunological and molecular techniques, for adulterant detection in food. Molecular methods are more preferable when it comes to detection of biological adulterants in food, although physical and biochemical techniques are preferable for detection of other adulterants in food.  相似文献   
146.
    
Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles have been synthesized by wet chemical processing from four different zinc precursor materials at room temperature. Synthesis of phase pure material with four different morphologies and orientations have been confirmed through different characterization techniques like, X-ray diffraction, field emission SEM, fourier transformed IR etc. The band gap energies of the synthesized materials were within specific semiconductor limits and the same have been determined from UV–Visible and photoluminescence spectra of the synthesized nanostructured ZnO materials. Thus it is possible to control ZnO nanostructures and morphologies through facile room temperature synthesis and tailor their band gaps for different application purposes.  相似文献   
147.
148.
Singh  Hema  Kumar  Anupam  Thakur  Ankush  Kumar  Pusphender  Nguyen  Van-Huy  Vo  Dai-Viet N.  Sharma  Ajit  Kumar  Deepak 《Topics in Catalysis》2020,63(11-14):1097-1108
Topics in Catalysis - Tri-octyl-amine is known for its potential to assist fabrication of metal and metal oxides nanoparticles. In this work elucidate the synthesis of magnetite-ZnO magnetic nano...  相似文献   
149.
Advances in wired and wireless networking technologies are making networked computing the most common form of high performance computing. Similarly, software like Mosaic and Netscape have not only unified the networked computing landscape, but they have made it available to the masses in a simple, machine independent way. These developments are changing the way we do computational science, learn, research, collaborate, access information and resources, and maintain local and global relations. We envision a scenario where large scale computational science and engineering applications like virtual classrooms and laboratories are ubiquitous, and information resources are accessible on-demand from anywhere. In this paper we present the design of a user interface that will be appropriate to this scenario. We argue that interfaces modeled on the pen and paper paradigm are suited in this context. Specifically, we present the software architecture of a notebook interface. We lay down the requirements for such an interface and present its implementation using the World Wide Web. A realization of the notebook model is presented for a problem solving environment (PDELab) to support the numerical simulation of PDE based applications on a network of heterogeneous high performance machines. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
150.
This paper presents an architecture of the inference machine for a rule based expert system. The paper, structured around the concept of “inference flow graphs”, is aimed at incorporating parallelism in antecedent matching to find out the firable rules as well as firing more than one rule simultaneously, whenever required. Through this architecture, the number of comparisons required during the antecedent matching phase, is significantly reduced. The flow of inferencing can also proceed in a pipelined manner resulting in faster inferences.  相似文献   
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