Modified local discriminant bases algorithm and its application in analysis of human knee joint vibration signals

Knee joint disorders are common in the elderly population, athletes, and outdoor sports enthusiasts. These disorders are often painful and incapacitating. Vibration signals [vibroarthrographic (VAG)] are emitted at the knee joint during the swinging movement of the knee. These VAG signals contain information that can be used to characterize certain pathological aspects of the knee joint. In this paper, we present a noninvasive method for screening knee joint disorders using the VAG signals. The proposed approach uses wavelet packet decompositions and a modified local discriminant bases algorithm to analyze the VAG signals and to identify the highly discriminatory basis functions. We demonstrate the effectiveness of using a combination of multiple dissimilarity measures to arrive at the optimal set of discriminatory basis functions, thereby maximizing the classification accuracy. A database of 89 VAG signals containing 51 normal and 38 abnormal samples were used in this study. The features extracted from the coefficients of the selected basis functions were analyzed and classified using a linear-discriminant-analysis-based classifier. A classification accuracy as high as 80% was achieved using this true nonstationary signal analysis approach.     

THERMODYNAMIC STABILITY OF SOLID PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS

This paper deals with the application of rigorous stability analysis and predict time for degradation of solid pharmaceutical formulations. The stability analysis in the form of the tangent-plane criterion is used to predict the stability of certain solid formulations. The Michelsen vector which indicates instability when the sum of its components is greater than unity is differentiated with respect to time and the results are used to predict when instability sets in. The total degradation time is the sum of the time for instability to set in and the time for the mole fraction to reach a certain value.