In this two part paper, we provide a survey of recent and emerging topics in wireless networking. We view the area of wireless
networking as dealing with problems of resource allocation so that the various connections that utilise the network achieve
their desired performance objectives. In the first part of the paper, we first survey the area by providing a taxonomy of
wireless networks as they have been deployed. Then, we provide a quick tutorial on the main issues in the wireless ‘physical’
layer, which is concerned with transporting bits over the radio frequency spectrum. Then, we proceed to discuss some resource
allocation formulations in CDMA(code division multiple access) cellular networks and OFDMA(orthogonal frequency division multiple
access) networks.
In the second part of the paper, we first analyse random access wireless networks and pay special attention to 802·11 (Wi-Fi)
networks.We then survey some topics in ad hoc multihop wireless networks, where we discuss arbitrary networks, as well as
some theory of dense random networks. Finally, we provide an overview of the technical issues in the emerging area of wireless
sensor networks. 相似文献
Host-plant genotype, environment, and ontogeny all play a role in determining plant resistance to herbivory, yet little is known about the nature of the interactions among these factors. We investigated resistance of cucumber plants Cucumis sativus to the generalist herbivore Spodoptera exigua in a manipulative experiment involving three factors. In particular, we tested the effects of bitter (cucurbitacins present) vs. sweet (cucurbitacins absent) plants (genotype), with or without previous herbivory (environment), and cotyledons vs. true leaves (ontogeny). Contrary to our expectations, S. exigua growth was 54% higher on bitter plants than on sweet plants; growth was 63% higher, however, on undamaged plants compared to damaged plants, and 59% higher on true leaves compared to cotyledons. Moreover, all two-way interaction terms between genotype, environment, and ontogeny were significant. For example, S. exigua performance was higher on bitter than on sweet plants; however, this effect was strongly influenced by whether the tissue consumed was a cotyledon or true leaf and also whether it had been previously damaged. An examination of leaf nutritional chemistry revealed that some of our results could be explained by genotypic, environmental, and ontogenic differences in foliar nitrogen content. In contrast, the cucurbitacin content of plants did not appear to affect caterpillar growth. Our results provide evidence for the importance of interactions between genotype, environment, and ontogeny in determining herbivory and illustrate the value of manipulative experiments in revealing the complexities of these interactions. 相似文献
The multiple traveling salesperson problem (MTSP) is an extension of the well known traveling salesperson problem (TSP). Given
m > 1 salespersons and n > m cities to visit, the MTSP seeks a partition of cities into m groups as well as an ordering among cities in each group so that each group of cities is visited by exactly one salesperson
in their specified order in such a way that each city is visited exactly once and sum of total distance traveled by all the
salespersons is minimized. Apart from the objective of minimizing the total distance traveled by all the salespersons, we
have also considered an alternate objective of minimizing the maximum distance traveled by any one salesperson, which is related
with balancing the workload among salespersons. In this paper, we have proposed a new grouping genetic algorithm based approach
for the MTSP and compared our results with other approaches available in the literature. Our approach outperformed the other
approaches on both the objectives. 相似文献
In the modern era of computing, the news ecosystem has transformed from old traditional print media to social media outlets. Social media platforms allow us to consume news much faster, with less restricted editing results in the spread of fake news at an incredible pace and scale. In recent researches, many useful methods for fake news detection employ sequential neural networks to encode news content and social context-level information where the text sequence was analyzed in a unidirectional way. Therefore, a bidirectional training approach is a priority for modelling the relevant information of fake news that is capable of improving the classification performance with the ability to capture semantic and long-distance dependencies in sentences. In this paper, we propose a BERT-based (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) deep learning approach (FakeBERT) by combining different parallel blocks of the single-layer deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) having different kernel sizes and filters with the BERT. Such a combination is useful to handle ambiguity, which is the greatest challenge to natural language understanding. Classification results demonstrate that our proposed model (FakeBERT) outperforms the existing models with an accuracy of 98.90%.
Unravelling the dynamics of network vertices is pivotal, and traditional centrality measures have limitations in adapting to structural changes, directed and weighted networks, and temporal analyses. This paper introduces a ground breaking approach - hitting time-based centrality. Utilizing network matrix notations and a random walk model on a connected network , we establish a Markov chain to quantify the hitting time, hitting distance, and hitting centrality, providing a nuanced measure prioritizing central vertices. Through extensive experiments using Kendall's tau coefficient, the paper evaluates the method's correlation with actual influence in the Susceptible-Infectious (SI) model, showcasing superior performance across diverse network sizes and structures. The hitting centrality method exhibits sensitivity to connectivity dynamics, effective incorporation of temporal dynamics, and robust handling of weighted and directed networks. Positive Kendall's tau coefficients underline the method's proficiency in prioritizing influential vertices by correlating hitting centrality values with actual infection ability. The demonstrated robustness to structural changes enhances its utility for dynamic network analysis. In conclusion, our hitting time-based centrality approach emerges as a promising method, mitigating the shortcomings of traditional measures. By integrating information propagation speed, accommodating network dynamics, and enabling time-dependent analyses, it offers a comprehensive tool for evaluating vertex importance and influence in complex networks. 相似文献
Two new tetracationic hetero-bimetallacycles were prepared from a bis-pyridine amide ligand and metal (Pd and Pt) acceptors. We found that both self-assembled hetero-bimetallacycles bind and unwind supercoiled DNA as established by photophysical and gel electrophoresis analyses, respectively. 相似文献