Valuing amenity: public perceptions of sustainable drainage systems ponds

Understanding the potential concerns and needs of residents is key to achieving good acceptability of sustainable drainage systems (SuDS). This paper highlights, through the application of a structured questionnaire, the potential value to residents of living in close proximity to a SuDS pond. The results show that although the pond's characteristics are not the main factor influencing the choice to move into an area, its effect is markedly positive. Contingent valuation of the benefits is used to show that the additional value brought by SuDS amenity, when monetised, can offset a pond's initial construction costs and ongoing maintenance, hence ensuring the return on investment for developers. By building on existing research, this paper highlights major changes in the perception and valuation of pond structures.     

The Locally Nameless Representation

This paper provides an introduction to the locally nameless approach to the representation of syntax with variable binding, focusing in particular on the use of this technique in formal proofs. First, we explain the benefits of representing bound variables with de Bruijn indices while retaining names for free variables. Then, we explain how to describe and manipulate syntax in that form, and show how to define and reason about judgments on locally nameless terms.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Regarding &quot;Sulfide Capacity in Ladle Slag at Steelmaking Temperatures,&quot;</Emphasis><Emphasis Type="Italic">C. Allertz,Du Sichen; MMTB 2015 December</Emphasis>

Allertz and Sichen measured sulfide contents of slags in equilibrium with Cu-S solutions. Results are in very good agreement with calculations by FactSage whose databases were developed by modeling other sets of data obtained under different conditions. However, when results are reported as sulfide capacities, significant errors may result if these are used to calculate sulfide contents at oxygen and sulfur potentials which differ from those of the experiments and/or are fixed by different means.     

Sage of Lacock

Abstract

‘The good is oft interred with their bones.’ Much of what has been written of William Henry Fox Talbot has done him meagre justice: criticism for patenting his inventions, accusations that he patented the ideas of others, denigration of the importance of his discoveries. Though acknowledged as a scientist, his place as an artistic worker in the medium he invented has not been appreciated.     

Shorter Communication: Evaluating Tests for Increasing Intensity of a Poisson Process

The problem of testing the hypothesis of a constant intensity against the alternative of an increasing intensity function in a nonhomogeneous Poisson process is studied, and six wellknown tests are considered. Three of the six are shown to have desirable power-function properties, whereas the other three do not have the properties. In fact, the tests without the desirable properties should not be used, nor should any nonparametric test be used.     

Kernel density estimation based on Ripley’s correction

In this paper, we investigate a technique inspired by Ripley’s circumference method to correct bias of density estimation of edges (or frontiers) of regions. The idea of the method was theoretical and difficult to implement. We provide a simple technique – based of properties of Gaussian kernels – to efficiently compute weights to correct border bias on frontiers of the region of interest, with an automatic selection of an optimal radius for the method. We illustrate the use of that technique to visualize hot spots of car accidents and campsite locations, as well as location of bike thefts.     

Modelling Gas Transmission in Cylindrical Dynamic Accumulation Oxygen Transmission Rate Chambers to Explore Implications of Oxygen Sensor Location Relative to Samples

A model was developed to simulate oxygen accumulation in space and time within cylindrical dynamic accumulation chambers that are used to measure oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of materials. The model is based on Fick's law of diffusion and was validated against actual OTR measurements of polymer film samples. Measured OTR values and thicknesses were inputted into the model and oxygen concentrations outputted by the model. OTRs determined from the output of the model was in close agreement to within 0.3–3% of the measured OTR. Oxygen concentration versus time curves generated from model output oxygen concentrations and experimentally measured oxygen concentrations for three actual films were also in agreement. The model was then used to simulate results from three hypothetical test films at varying chamber lengths in order to evaluate effects of accumulation chamber dimensions relative to films on resulting OTR measurements. A typical design scenario was used, where the oxygen sensor is mounted on the chamber wall opposite the sample film. Results demonstrate that dynamic accumulation OTR instrument designers have considerable flexibility in choosing accumulation chamber dimensions because deviations in OTR are only expected to occur at impractically extreme chamber lengths (>10 m) for the entire envelope of OTRs expected for typical packaging films. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.