A school-based emergency crisis intervention in a mass school disaster.

This article is a report detailing a coordinated crisis intervention undertaken in response to a disastrous collision of a railway train with a school bus. The target groups consisted of school-children, parents, and school staff. The effects of this mass disaster and the scope of the large-scale emergency intervention implemented in its wake are described. Emphasized are the role and importance of coordinated intervention in a mass emergency as a critical variable in (a) applying basic crisis intervention principles, (b) supervising intervention activities, and (c) implementing psychoeducational and short-term therapeutic procedures. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reading and believing: Beliefs, attributions, and reading achievement in Moroccan schoolchildren.

This article reports data collected in Morocco. Measures of beliefs (metacognitive knowledge of reading skills and strategies, causal attributions, and conceptions of good readers) and reading performance were collected on a cohort of 350 first-grade children over a 5-year period, and on a second cohort of 464 fifth-grade children over a 3-year period. Metacognitive and causal attribution measures predicted significant portions of variance of subsequent reading achievement beyond the effects of background variables and cognitive skills. First-graders' conception of good readers was an important predictor of beginning reading, but metacognitive knowledge of particular reading skills was not. However, among fifth and seventh graders, both metacognitive knowledge about skilled reading and causal attributions to internal factors predicted reading performance. This study is one of the first cross-cultural demonstrations that metacognitive knowledge and other beliefs affect young children's reading. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

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辊模拔制异型钢管试验

介绍了辊模拔制异型钢管的特点，进行了辊模拔制和固定模拔制试验。试验证明，辊拔工艺可显著降低拔制力，提高异型钢管表面质量。     

Realization of an optical communication tunable filter using a diffraction-based optical system

Optical bandpass tunable filters are key elements for dense WDM optical communication systems. Recently, a realization of optical linear transformation using a spatial diffraction optical system was presented and theoretically analyzed [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A21, 732 (2004)]. We present an optical bandpass tunable filter based on this optical system and a spatial light modulator. The mathematical analysis and additional computer simulations for testing the filter's basic parameters using the Fresnel diffraction theory are presented. Some newly obtained laboratory experimental results of the device in the optical visible spectrum will be shown.     

Synthesis and characterization of a polyacetylene derivative with phenylazobenzene moieties

A new polyacetylene derivative was prepared by the activated polymerization of 2-ethynylpyridine by using 4-(phenylazo)benzoyl chloride without any additional initiator or catalyst in high yield. The chemical structure of poly[2-ethynyl-N-(4-(phenylazo)benzoyl) pyridinium chloride [PEPABPC] was characterized by such instrumental methods as NMR, IR, and UV-visible spectroscopies to have a conjugated polymer backbone system with the designed azobenzene moieties. The electrooptical and electrochemical properties of PEPABPC were studied. The photoluminescence spectrum showed that the PL peak is at 597 nm corresponding to the photon energy of 2.07 eV. The cyclovoltammograms of PEPABPC exhibited the irreversible electrochemical behaviors between the oxidation and reduction peaks. The oxidation current density of PEPABPC versus the scan rates is approximately linear relationship in the range of 30 mV/sec-150 mV/sec. It was found that the the kinetics of the redox process of this polymer is controlled by the reactant diffusion process from the oxidation current density of PEPABPC versus the scan rates.     

Optimization of process parameters for high-efficiency polymer photovoltaic devices based on P3HT:PCBM system

Here, we report the fabrication of high-efficiency poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C₆₁-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) blend photovoltaic device. Process parameters like solvent, solvent drying conditions, electron donor to acceptor ratio and cathodes structures are optimized in making the devices. For the first time, we used cosolvent systems to make active layer of P3HT:PCBM composite and G-PEDOT:PSS, made by mixing 6 wt% glycerol to PEDOT:PSS, is used as a buffer layer. Highest efficiency of 4.64% was obtained for the device made with 1:0.7 ratio of P3HT to PCBM, o-dichlorobenzene:chloroform cosolvent, newly developed slow process and G-PEDOT:PSS. Film morphology is evaluated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Time-of-flight (TOF) and incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) measurements are also performed for the best device.     

Cities under fire: Crisis communication on home front versus frontline cities' Facebook pages during operation ‘guardian of the walls’

Social media has been widely adopted by local governments during emergencies and crises and its role as a communication platform has been discussed in various studies on natural hazards, pandemics and terror attacks. However, research in the field has not addressed how municipalities use social media to communicate valuable information during armed conflicts and military operations. The current study examined the ways five major cities in Israel used their Facebook pages to connect to their residents during operation ‘Guardian of the Walls' in 2021. We examined the social media usage and the strategies of these cities during the 12 days of the operation. The findings revealed significant differences between cities that are considered as home front versus frontline regions regarding content type and information dissemination strategies. Additionally, differences regarding content types in terms of sentiment and overall rates of engagement were also identified. These findings highlight the need to further investigate local municipalities' usage of social media during armed conflicts concerning the civil population.