A finite-time consensus protocol is proposed for multi-dimensional multi-agent systems, using direction-preserving signum controls. Filippov solutions and nonsmooth analysis techniques are adopted to handle discontinuities. Sufficient and necessary conditions are provided to guarantee infinite-time convergence and boundedness of the solutions. It turns out that the number of agents which have continuous control law plays an essential role in finite-time convergence. In addition, it is shown that the unit balls introduced by ?p norms, where p∈[1,∞], are invariant for the closed loop. 相似文献
Compounds that simultaneously activate peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR) subtypes α and γ have the potential to effectively treat dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a single pharmaceutically active molecule. The frequently observed side effects of selective PPARγ agonists, such as edema and weight gain, were expected to be overcome by using additive PPARα activity, leading to dual PPARα/γ agonists with balanced activity for both subtypes. Herein we report the discovery, synthesis, and optimization of a new series of α‐ethoxyphenylpropionic acid bearing 5‐ or 6‐substituted indoles. The incorporation of oxime ethers on the carbonyl portion of the benzoyl group can bring the PPARα/γ potency ratio equal to or slightly greater than one, as is the case for compounds 20 c and 21 a . Compound 20 c shows high efficacy in an ob/ob mouse model of T2D and dyslipidemia, similar to that of rosiglitazone and tesaglitazar, but with a significant increase in body weight gain. In contrast, compound 21 a , less potent as a dual PPARα/γ activator than 20 c , showed an interesting pharmacological profile, as it elicits a decrease in body weight relative to reference compounds. 相似文献
Carrageenans and pectins are widely used for their rheological properties in many foods, as well as industrial applications. In their processing, Degussa Texturant Systems uses ultrafiltration as a concentration step. The aim of this study was to compare organic flat sheet and mineral tubular modules for carrageenan and pectin concentrations. Mineral tubular membranes led to higher flux performances than organic flat sheet membranes. The comparison of energy and membrane renewal costs did not make it possible to draw definitive conclusions on the choice between both modules. Nevertheless, subject to a life expectancy of more than ten years and to high operating times, mineral membranes should be more economic to operate. 相似文献
Zeolite synthesis is driven by structure-directing agents, such as tetrapropyl ammonium ions (TPA+) for Silicalite-1 and ZSM-5. However, the guiding role of these organic templates in the complex assembly to highly ordered
frameworks remains unclear, limiting the prospects for advanced material synthesis. In this work, both static ab initio and
dynamic classical modeling techniques are employed to provide insight into the interactions between TPA+ and Silicalite-1 precursors. We find that as soon as the typical straight 10-ring channel of Silicalite-1 or ZSM-5 is formed
from smaller oligomers, the TPA+ template is partially squeezed out of the resulting cavity. Partial retention of the template in the cavity is, however,
indispensable to prevent collapse of the channel and subsequent hydrolysis.
Telmisartan was originally designed as an AT1 antagonist but was later also characterized as a selective PPARγ modulator. This study focused on the identification of the essential structural motifs of telmisartan for PPARγ activation activity, elucidating the individual SAR of each different component (shown).
Light up galectin: Photoprobes based on thiodigalactoside were prepared for galectin‐3, a lectin linked to cancer. The probes contained either benzophenone or acetophenone moieties as the photolabel for covalent attachment to the protein. One particular probe labeled galectin‐3 selectively, even in the presence of cell lysate.
