THERMODYNAMICS ON THE SELECTIVE OXIDATION OF ELEMENTS IN MOLTEN MATTE AND METALS

总结讨论了熔锍及熔融金属中元素选择性氧化的行为,举出镍锍中 Ni 与 S,铁液中 Cr,V,Nb,Mn 或 P 与 C 作为应用的实例.利用热力学分析提出氧化的转化温度的概念,并指出二步及一步计算该温度的方法.在排除新相生成的晶核能的条件下,氧化的转化温度与氧的存在形式(无论是气态 O_2,溶于金属液中的[O]或炉渣中的 FeO)以及氧的压力或活度无关,而只决定于参加反应的物质及产物的本质及活度(压力).同时,转化温度不是一成不变的温度,而是随着熔池组成的改变而不断地在变化.降低气体氧化产物的分压将有助于降低氧化的转化温度.理论计算的转化温度可提供使熔池中一个元素的优先氧化而使另一元素保留不变的最佳条件.小型实验和工业上实践证明,转化温度的概念可以成功地控制吹炼操作,作到按意图进行选择性氧化.影响熔池内元素氧化顺序的动力学因素也作了简略的分析.对镍锍脱 S、不锈钢脱 C 以及高碳锰铁降 C 的吹炼,熔池温度永远要高于相应熔池组成的转化温度.而对铁水脱 Cr 和铁水提 V 或 Nb,熔池温度则应保持低于相应熔池组成的转化温度.P,C 在铁水中的氧化顺序,除与转化温度有关外,还取决于熔渣组成以及 CO 承担的压力.     

脱除重油中有害金属杂质新技术

用化学药剂在一定条件下进行反应后用水萃取，并用 电脱水的方法脱除金属.研究了注药剂量、反应温度和反应时间等因素对脱除率的影响.     

APPLICATION OF MOLECULAR ORBITAL THEORY TO ANALYSIS OF PHASE STABILITY FOR ALLOYS

The critical _d vahues ( _ ) of the γ/(γ+σ).γ/(γ+μ) and γ/(γ+γ') phase boundaries insome ternar alloy phase diagrams at various temperatures are calculated by averaging the _d values of sererai selected characteristic points at the phase boundaries.Approxmateequations for the temperature dependence of the critical _d of γ/(γ+σ).γ/(γ+μ) andγ/(γ+γ') phase boundaries are established.The accuracy of the analysis is discussed in detail.It is found for the first time that the average value of the bondorder _ at the phase boundaries ts also approximatelr a constant and therefore a criticalaverage bond order _ like - can be introduced for the analysts of phase stability     

EFFECT OF COMPOSITION ON HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT IN Ni-Fe FCC ALLOYS

The ductility loss and threshold stress intensity,K_(IH)during hydrogen charging were measuredfor pure Ni and four Ni-Fe fcc alloys.The results show that ductility loss in 40Ni60Fe alloyand K_(IH)a 50Ni50Fe alloy have a minimum value.The variations of the amounts of hydride,hydrogen evolution and dislocation structure with composition have been investigated.The va-riation of hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility with composition measured by ductility lossand by K_(IH)or K_(IH)/K_C can be explained by means of the synthetical effects of amount ofhydride,solutionized hydrogen and the extent of dislocation planarity on hydrogenembrittlement susceptibility.     

EFFECT OF FINE GRINDING ACTIVATION ON LEACHING BEHAVIOUR OF SCHEELITE CONCENTRATE

The influence of mechanical activation on the leaching behaviour of scheelite was studied bymeans of fine grinding in an attritor and subsequently HCl leaching in presence of PO_4~(3-).Results showed that after fine grinding in the attritor,the reaction rate of scheelitewith HCl-Na_3PO_4 solution was remarkably increased,the extraction of W increased fromabout 8 to 99%.The IR spectra and X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that in addition toan enlargement of surface area the fine grinding action had made also changes of fine struc-ture and reactivity of solid surface,hence the leaching process of scheelite can be carried outunder mild leaching conditions.     

高纯Fe中氢损伤规律的研究

本文采用正电子湮没技术研究了高纯Fe中的氢损伤规律,实验结果表明,在0.5mol/L H_2SO_4溶液中不加毒化剂电解充氢时,产生氢损伤的临界电流密度为20 mA/cm~2;而在0.5mol/L H_2SO_4溶液中加少量As_2O_3作为毒化剂电解充氢时,即使很小的电流密度也会产生氢损伤,配合慢拉伸试验,还发现试样内部产生氢损伤以后,它将控制随后的形变和断裂过程     

氯化铜在水溶液中的扩散系数的测定SCIEI

用膈膜池法测定了298K条件下CuCl_2在CuCl_2和CuCl_2-HCl水溶液中的扩散系数。发现CuCl_2的扩散系数与其浓度依赖性主要取决于它的化学位和溶液的粘度。     

Bi-Pb-Tl三元系相图

用室温、高温X射线衍射及淬火的方法,测定了Bi-Pb-Tl三元系25℃的等温截面及该体系中的相结构。