Thirty Years' Reform and Development in China's Refractories Industry

1 Development of Refractories Industry Since the People's Republic of China FoundedRefractories is mainly used in high temperature industries,such as metallurgy,building materials,nonferrous,chemical,mechanical,electric power industries,which is the important fundamental material for high temperature industries.China began to manufacture refractories and had it firstly applied in ceramics industry in Shang Dynasty lasting more than 3 000 years. However,China's refractories industry was in a backward stat...     

Effect of Chromium Powder on Sintering Property of Chrome Oxide Materials

The specimens were prepared using Cr2O3 micropowder, TiO2 micropowder and chromium powder as starting materials, PVA as binder, after spraying granulation and cold isostatic pressing, firing at 1 450 ℃ for 3 h in standard nitrogen and oxygen control atmosphere (oxygen partial pressure was 1 010 Pa and 10.1 Pa, respectively). Effects of chromium powder (mass percent were 0, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0%, respectively) on sintering behaviors of Cr2O3 materials were researched. The results show that: adding 0.5% c...     

Situation of China's Refractories Industry in Last Sixty Years

The annual output of China's refractories in 1949 was 74 thousand tons,and was 29.11 million tons in 2007,which was 65% of the world total refractories output.The export of China's refractory products and raw materials in 2008 was 6.18 million tons,which were exported to hundreds of countries and regions in the world.China is a big country in the field of refractories production and refractories export,which has devoted a lot to relative high temperature industry.     

High-temperature Reaction of Silica Fume-Si_3N_4 System

The specimens were prepared by molding the mixture of silica fume(w(SiO2)=94.5%;average particle size:0.08 μm) and silicon nitride(≤0.074 mm) with a mass ratio of 11,carbon embedded firing at 1 300 ℃,1 450 ℃,1 500 ℃,1 550 ℃ and 1 600 ℃ for 3 h in air,and then water-cooling,respectively.The microstructure and phase composition of the specimens were analyzed.The results show that:(1) silica fume reacts obviously with Si3N4 forming Si2N2O above 1 550 ℃.The edges and corners of Si3N4 grains become smooth and th...     

钢包透气砖在精炼条件下的应力场分布研究

利用ANSYS有限元分析软件对钢包透气砖在精炼奈件下(不同吹氩压力、精炼温度)的应力场分布进行了计算研究.结果认为,铝镁质透气材料结构应力与其热膨胀系数成正比变化;透气砖工作面狭缝尖端处应力最大,是其非工作底面的6.62倍,并且从非工作底面到工作面狭缝尖端应力增加最快;吹氩压力对透气材料应力的影响可忽略不计;精炼温度提高50℃,工作面狭缝各部位应力相应增加1%～2%.     

大型高炉用非氧化物复合耐火材料的演变及性能

系统分析了大型高炉用3代非氧化物复合耐火材料的演变及其性能.从材料演变的角度阐述了近年来中国耐火材料行业技术进步的快速发展,并提出了不同材料未来需要改进和完善的方向.探讨了我国大型高炉用长寿型氧化物-非氧化物复合材料发展中存在及需要解决的问题.     

Si_3N_4-Al_2O_3-SiO_2体系高温还原条件下的物相变化

以闪速燃烧合成的Si3N4(w(Si3N4)≥95%,粒度≤0.044 mm)、α-Al2O3微粉(w(Al2O3)≥99%,d50=1.2μm)及SiO2微粉(w(SiO2)≥92%,粒度≤μm)为原料,按照m(Si3N4):m(Al2O3):m(SiO2)=4:4:2比例混合,液压成型为φ20 mm×20 mm试样在埋炭(不接触焦炭)条件下分别于1 300、1 400、1 500、1 600℃保温6 h处理后进行XRD分析.结果表明:1 300 ℃的新生物相主要为Si2N2O和方石英,SiO2微粉方石英化明显;1 400 ℃的新生物相主要为Si2N2O、方石英和O'-SiAlON;1 500 ℃的新生物相为Si2N2O、方石英、O'-SiAlON、X相及莫来石;与1 500 ℃相比,1 600 ℃的新生物相没有变化,但是Si2N2O、O'-SiAlON、X相及莫来石的生成量增加明显,方石英生成量显著减少.     

耐火可塑料马夏值的测定

采用特级矾土、黏土为主要原料,液体磷酸盐做结合剂,制备了6种满足不同施工方式的w(Al2O3)>70%的高铝可塑料,并采用马夏值测定仪测定了可塑料的可塑性。结果表明:马夏值测定法可以用于耐火可塑料的可塑性测定,而且其检测范围更宽,可测定采用橡皮锤人工捣打或风镐机械捣打等不同施工方式的可塑料的可塑性。橡皮锤人工捣打可塑料的马夏值范围为1.36～3.74 MPa,风镐机械捣打可塑料的马夏值范围为7.1～22 MPa。     

镁钙砂的合成工艺对MgO-CaO砖抗侵蚀性的影响

将45%(w)的轻烧白云石粉用水消化后,与55%(w)的轻烧镁砂粉混合,按两种合成工艺分别制成传统镁钙砂(共磨至≤0.074 mm,湿法压球,以焦炭为燃料煅烧至1 800℃保温16 h)和优质镁钙砂(共磨至≤0.045 mm,干法压球,以重油为燃料煅烧至1 850℃保温8 h),并对两种合成后的镁钙砂进行了化学分析和扫描电镜观察。再将这两种镁钙砂按同种配比制成MgO-CaO砖用于AOD炉上,对用后残砖的杂质成分进行分析。结果表明:重油煅烧的优质镁钙砂的纯度和致密度都远好于焦炭煅烧的传统镁钙砂的,而且用优质镁钙砂制成的镁钙砖的抗渣侵蚀性要优于用传统镁钙砂制成的镁钙砖的。     

高弹性Cu—20Ni—20Mn合金

合金中Ｎｉ和Ｍｎ的各自含量不低于１５％，另加少量的Ａｌ和Ｔｉ。中频或高频炉熔炼，石墨坩埚，熔炼温度１２５０～１３５０℃，浇注温度１１００～１２００℃，８００～８５０℃热轧，６５０～７００℃中间退火，冷加工率达８０％。淬火温度６５０℃，时效温度４００～４５０℃。最佳性能σｂ＝１４７０ＭＰａ，σ０２＝１３７２ＭＰａ，ＨＶ＝４８０，δ≥２％，Ｅ＝１５３ＧＰａ，ρ＝５４×１０－６Ω·ｃｍ。在４００℃温度下σｂ＝１０００ＭＰａ，σ０２＝８８２ＭＰａ，Ｅ＝１４３ＧＰａ，δ≥２％。弹性后效小于铍铜ＱＢｅ２。时效时进行“Ｓｐｉｎｏｄａｌ”分解，形成调幅结构。经定量分析，析出是属于原子由低浓度区间向高浓度区间的上坡扩散过程。因此，析出相难以聚集长大，故不易产生过时效，解释合金耐高温工作的机理