LED backlight driving system with local dimming and scanning driver IC

Abstract— Novel LED backlight driving technology with a fully embedded LED driver IC is presented. This driving system and IC feature a high speed reduced swing differential signaling (RSDS) interface, an independent PWM controller with high‐resolution programming, and embedded scan logic. To attain high efficiency from the boost converter, highly advanced dynamic headroom control technology has been implemented onto the IC. The embedded current boosting function showed almost no brightness reduction when operated in scanning mode. The scanning function of the system improved motion blur values 26–44% compared to that of a non‐scanning LCD panel.     

Nasdaq's technology floor: its president takes stock

Over the years, electronics technology has revolutionized virtually every securities market, most notably The Nasdaq^TM (National Association of Securities Dealers' Automated Quotations) Stock Market Inc. Nasdaq was the world's first market to handle trading not on an exchange floor but through a computer network linking display screens. However, since its advent in 1971, changes in telecommunications and computer technologies have been ongoing, profound and complex. As a screen-based market, Nasdaq has striven to stay on top of those developments. It is in the process of completing a US $180 million systems migration program-the largest single telecommunications and computer project undertaken by a US stock market. The effort has involved replacing the entire Nasdaq system with a standards-based client-server network, while moving from analog to digital network technology and upgrading the core systems to process 500 transactions a second-a rate that enables the market to handle at least a billion shares a day. With these systems, Nasdaq has the flexibility to constantly improve operational efficiency and regulatory oversight     

Lipids of potato tubers. Effects of storage temperature on total,polar and sterol lipid content and fatty acid composition of potato tubers

Potato tubers (Majestic and Bintje varieties) were stored at 5 and 20 °C for up to 24 weeks. Only minor differences were observed in lipid composition of tubers stored at the two temperatures. Linolenic acid levels were slightly lower in the 10 °C stored tubers, although no significant differences were found in the proportions of the total polyunsaturated fatty acids of tubers at 5 and 20 °C. The effects on the fatty acid composition of Pentland Crown potatoes of short term storage at 30 °C are reported. It is concluded from this and from previous papers in this series that neither the choice of potato variety, nor of storage temperature for a given variety, is likely to reduce the polyunsaturated fatty acid content of potato sufficiently to avoid the problems experienced commercially in the oxidative degradation of polyunsaturated fatty acids to produce off-flavours in potato products. The large changes in the proportions of the different classes of sterol lipids which have been reported to occur in potatoes during storage were not confirmed by the present studies.     

中国彩色电视机节能效果技术和经济性分析(上)

对国产彩电节能效果技术和经济性进行了较为深入的分析。     

New technologies for advanced LCD‐TV performance

Abstract— Samsung intends to be the world leader in LCD‐TV through a combination of superior product technology, advanced process execution, and aggressive capitalization. This paper explores and updates Samsung's latest developments toward its goal of ultimate LCD‐TV performance and market leadership. Samsung's development of Super PVA (S‐PVA) represents a key performance achievement. S‐PVA is a new technology which enables screen quality advantages over S‐IPS and MVA, including high transmittance, >1000:1 contrast ratio, and wide angle of view with no off‐axis image inversion. This new technology is described in detail. This paper also addresses the other remaining performance issues facing LCD‐TV, including Samsung's plans for addressing these challenges. Until recently, inter‐gray response time and associated motion blur were significant issues for achieving quality LCD‐TV images. Samsung has invented DCC‐II technology to achieve sub‐10‐msec response time, and this achievement is described. Other technology advancements, including next‐generation color performance and ultra‐low black performance, are discussed. Samsung has announced the development of a 57‐in. full‐HD (1920 × 1080) LCD‐TV panel, the world's largest, based on S‐PVA technology. This product represents the culmination of many technical breakthroughs, and is discussed herein. Samsung's LCD manufacturing strategy, which includes the world's first generation 7 LCD fab, is also described.     

What the #$*%! is a Subsymbol?

In 1988, Smolensky proposed that connectionist processing systems should be understood as operating at what he termed the `subsymbolic' level. Subsymbolic systems should be understood by comparing them to symbolic systems, in Smolensky's view. Up until recently, there have been real problems with analyzing and interpreting the operation of connectionist systems which have undergone training. However, recently published work on a network trained on a set of logic problems originally studied by Bechtel and Abrahamsen (1991) seems to offer the potential to provide a detailed, empirically based answer to questions about the nature of subsymbols. In this paper, a network analysis procedure and the results obtained using it are discussed. This provides the basis for an insight into the nature of subsymbols, which is surprising.     

甲醇燃料火焰可见度的研究

甲醇火焰可见度低,因此就带来了使用中的安全性问题.作者采用一种实验室方法,对火焰的照度进行测量,从而提供了甲醇燃料火焰可见度的评估基础.对甲醇、柴油、汽油、正庚烷、异辛烷、甲苯及甲醇混合燃料共十二种燃料进行了研究,提供了不同燃料的火焰高度、燃烧速度及火焰照度的定量结果.纯甲醇火焰的照度约为汽油的千分之一,用汽油作添加剂可以提高甲醇火焰的照度,但在燃烧过程中随汽油的蒸发而照度下降.作者建议用着火一分钟后,测量期2秒内照度的平均值L与标准偏差σ的和L+σ作为评价可见度的参数.     

Synaptic noise as a means of implementing weight-perturbation learning

Weight-perturbation (WP) algorithms for supervised and/or reinforcement learning offer improved biological plausibility over backpropagation because of their reduced circuitry requirements for realization in neural hardware. This paper explores the hypothesis that biological synaptic noise might serve as the substrate by which weight perturbation is implemented. We explore the basic synaptic noise hypothesis (BSNH), which embodies the weakest assumptions about the underlying neural circuitry required to implement WP algorithms. This paper identifies relevant biological constraints consistent with the BSNH, taxonomizes existing WP algorithms with regard to consistency with those constraints, and proposes a new WP algorithm that is fully consistent with the constraints. By comparing the learning effectiveness of these algorithms via simulation studies, it is found that all of the algorithms can support traditional neural network learning tasks and have similar generalization characteristics, although the results suggest a trade-off between learning efficiency and biological accuracy.     

A Computational Conundrum: “What is a Computer?” A Historical Overview

This introduction begins by posing the question that this Special Issue addresses and briefly considers historical precedents and why the issue is important. The discussion then moves on to the consideration of important milestones in the history of computing, up until the present time. A brief specification of the essential components of computational systems is then offered. The final section introduces the papers that are included in this volume.