Mullite Coatings on SiC and C/C–Si–SiC Substrates Characterized by Infrared Spectroscopy

Mullite (3Al₂O₃·2SiO₂) coatings on SiC substrates and SiC precoated carbon/carbon composite (C/C-Si-SiC) substrates were produced by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) using pressed mullite powder targets. The layers can be characterized efficiently by IR reflection spectroscopy in the spectral range between 650 and 5000 cm⁻¹. The deposited coatings turn into mullite upon oxidation in air at temperatures between 1400° and 1600°C. Fabry-Perot interferences indicate a high quality and homogeneity of the mullite coating/SiC substrate interface. Amorphous SiO₂ gradually forms during prolonged heating or at higher temperatures.     

Piezo- and pyroelectricity in polymer blends of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/poly(methyl methacrylate)

Compatible polymer blends of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) can be used as suitable model systems for investigating the relationship between the physico-chemical structure of polymers and their piezo- and pyroelectric activity. The structure of PVDF/PMMA blends can be varied over a very wide range which can lead to a strong influence on the piezo- and pyroelectric activity and the corresponding coefficients d₃₁ and g₃. The values of d₃₁ and g₃ were found to vary over nearly five decades whereas the normalized coefficients $\text{d}{}_{31}\text{P}$ and $\text{g}{}_3\text{P}$ remain largely unaffected. This emphasizes the importance of the molecular processes causing the macroscopic polarization P during the poling procedure. For a given polarization P and a given temperature T the properties of the polymer matrix, however, are far less important for the values obtained for d₃₁ and g₃. The experimental results were compared with theoretical predictions based on models which were recently developed by Tashiro et al., Broadhurst et al. and by Mopsik et al.. Considering the appropriate scope of each model a good agreement between theory and experiment is observed and general contradictions have not been found.     

Introduction to the special issue of the 19th International Conference on Runtime Verification

International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer -     

Automatic classification of defects on the product surface in grinding and polishing

Grinding and polishing are standard operations in material processing. It is important to inspect and classify the potential defects existing on the product surfaces after grinding and polishing in order to obtain high quality in both functionality and aesthetics. Post-processing handling can be carried out after the defects have been correctly classified. A vision system already exists to detect and classify defects based on captured grayscale images automatically. The system is able to find and locate the defects precisely, but is incapable of placing those defects into the right predefined classes. The old system classifies the defects 30% of the time into the 15 predefined classes based on shape features. In this paper, a new classification strategy has been introduced using diverse extracted features. In addition to shape features, some other feature extraction methods were tried, e.g. Laws filter bank, DCT (Discrete Cosine Transformation) filter bank, Gabor filter bank, and statistical features based on co-occurrence matrix. The Support Vector Machine (SVM) was used as a multi-class classifier with input of the extracted features. By combining the Gabor filter features and the statistical features, the classification rate of the system can reach 82% overall right rate, which is applicable practically.     

民主德国的堆焊工艺及其现代化设备

本文介绍了民主德国关于堆焊工艺的一些最新研究成果以及为提高焊接自动化程度对设备的研究和发展。哈雷中央焊接研究所研制的堆焊-裁荷-填充材料-工艺系统(“A—B—Z—V”),作为选择工艺及填充材料的依据,从构件分析出发,生产了用于旋转件的特种程序的机器人ZIS12—63.孔堆焊设备ZIS12—96,轨道堆焊机ZIS13—43,轻便堆焊机ZIS15—40.以及用于侧板堆焊的机器人和煤球模型堆焊机器人。     

An efficient method for solving the Signorini problem in the simulation of free-form surfaces produced by belt grinding

Industrial robots are recently introduced to the belt grinding of free-form surfaces to obtain high productive efficiency and constant surface quality. The simulation of belt grinding process can facilitate planning grinding paths and writing robotic programs before manufacturing. In simulation, it is crucial to get the force distribution in the contact area between the workpiece and the elastic contact wheel because the uneven distributed local forces are the main reason to the unequal local removals on the grated surface. The traditional way is to simplify this contact problem as a Signorini contact problem and use the finite element method (FEM) to calculate the force distribution. However, the FEM model is too computationally expensive to meet the real-time requirement. A new model based on support vector regression (SVR) technique is developed in this paper to calculate the force distribution instead of the FEM model. The new model approximates the FEM model with an error smaller than 5%, but executes much faster (1 s vs 15 min by FEM). With this new model, the real-time simulation and even the on-line robot control of grinding processes can be further conducted.