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91.
Due to the growing importance of width control in strip and plate mills, edge rolling is currently an im-portant process in
hot rolling mills. Research in edge rolling has been carried out, and in the present ar-ticle, models for roll force, torque,
and lever arm coefficient are derived using the upper bound method. A simple, kinematically admissible deformation zone and
velocity field, independent of friction in the roll gap, is proposed, and the energy dissipation rate is derived. The formula
for energy dissipation rate has, in practice, no limitation because all edge rolling geometries are safely in the area where
the formula is valid. Roll force and torque are derived by means of two independent integrals. Thus, the lever arm coef-ficient
is evaluated from the expressions for roll force and torque using conventional rolling theory. Roll-ing trials report good
agreement with theory. Measured roll forces are similar to calculated forces. Furthermore, the shape of the dogbone that arises
during edge rolling is in fairly good agreement with the calculated dogbone shape. Deviations are due to the deviation from
ideally plastic material in the ex-periments. Also, the strain distribution over the dogbone is similar to the proposed deformation
zone. Thus, a new formula has been developed to a stage that it can be implemented in width control systems for edge rolling
stands in hot strip and plate mills. 相似文献
92.
Gustafsson A Hillerich K Messing ME Storm K Dick KA Deppert K Bolinsson J 《Nanotechnology》2012,23(26):265704
Cathodoluminescence at 8?K is used to compare the optical properties of AlGaAs-capped GaAs nanowires, grown by metal-organic vapour phase epitaxy and seeded by gold particles prepared by different methods. Six different methods were used to fabricate and deposit gold seed particles onto GaAs substrates: colloid particles, aerosol particles and particles defined by electron beam lithography. The nanowires were grown with and without an in?situ annealing step prior to the nanowire growth. The morphology showed no significant differences between the nanowires. The emissions from ensembles of nanowires have the same peak position, irrespective of seed particle type. Without the in?situ annealing step prior to the nanowire growth, there are significant differences in the emission intensity and emission patterns from nanowires grown from different seed particles. When an in?situ annealing step is included, all the resulting nanowires show identical optical emission intensity and emission patterns. This shows the importance of using an in?situ annealing step prior to growth. This study demonstrates that different preparation methods for gold seed particles can be used to produce GaAs nanowires with highly similar optical properties. The choice of particle preparation method to be used can therefore be based on availability and cost. 相似文献
93.
This study describes the Danish publication award system (BFI), investigates whether its built-in incentives have had an effect on publication behavior at the University of Southern Denmark, and discusses the possible future implications on researcher incentives should universities wish to measure BFI on the individual level. We analyzed publication data from the university CRIS system (Pure) and from SciVal. Several studies indicate that co-authored scholarly journal articles attract more citations than single author articles. The reason for this are not clear, however, research collaboration across institutions and countries is commonly accepted in the research community and among university managements as one way of increasing the researcher’s and institution’s reputation and impact. The BFI system is designed to award scholarly publication activity at Danish universities, especially publication in international journals of high status. However, we find that the built-in incentives leave the researcher and his or her institution with a dilemma: If the researchers optimize their performance by forming author groups with external collaborators, the optimal way of doing so for the researchers is not the optimal way seen from the perspective of the university. Our analysis shows that the typical article has 6.5 authors, two of which are internal, and that this has remained stable since the introduction of the BFI. However, there is variation across the disciplines. While ‘the Arts and Humanities’ and ‘the Social Sciences’ seem to compose author groups in a way which does not optimize the performance of the institution, both ‘Health’ and ‘the Natural Sciences’ seem to optimize according to criteria other than those specified in the BFI. 相似文献
94.
Henrik Gustafsson 《History of Photography》2016,40(1):67-86
From her early photographs of the ruinous aftermath of the Lebanon War in Beirut (1982) to her more recent images of bomb craters in Eleven Blowups (2006), the French artist Sophie Ristelhueber has been intent to maintain, in her own metaphor, ‘the analytical distance of an anatomy lesson’. Exhibiting the evidence of warfare but withholding their explanation, Ristelhueber’s provocative gesture of making art of war, removing human conflicts from their political contexts to render them as still-lifes, ready-mades, earthworks, or surrealist poems, is patently anti-journalistic. In keeping with the artist’s surgical analogy, this article explores Ristelhueber’s aesthetic mode of address as one that shares its fundamental operation with that of photography – namely, to make a cut. Retracing the morphology of recurring imprints and injuries that appear across the terrestrial and corporeal expanses traversed in her work, the article considers the ways in which these cuts pertain to the transformative power of violence and images alike. 相似文献
95.
H. Tatsuno W. B. Doriese D. A. Bennett C. Curceanu J. W. Fowler J. Gard F. P. Gustafsson T. Hashimoto R. S. Hayano J. P. Hays-Wehle G. C. Hilton M. Iliescu S. Ishimoto K. Itahashi M. Iwasaki K. Kuwabara Y. Ma J. Marton H. Noda G. C. O’Neil S. Okada H. Outa C. D. Reintsema M. Sato D. R. Schmidt H. Shi K. Suzuki T. Suzuki J. Uhlig J. N. Ullom E. Widmann S. Yamada J. Zmeskal D. S. Swetz 《Journal of Low Temperature Physics》2016,184(3-4):930-937
96.
L. A. Currie B. A. Benner Jr. J. D. Kessler D. B. Klinedinst G. A. Klouda J. V. Marolf J. F. Slater S.A. Wise H. Cachier R. Cary J. C. Chow J. Watson E. R. M. Druffel C. A. Masiello T. I. Eglinton A. Pearson C. M. Reddy ?. Gustafsson J. G. Quinn P. C. Hartmann J. I. Hedges K. M. Prentice T. W. Kirchstetter T. Novakow H. Puxbaum H. Schmid 《Journal of research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology》2002,107(3):279-298
Because of increased interest in the marine and atmospheric sciences in elemental carbon (EC), or black carbon (BC) or soot carbon (SC), and because of the difficulties in analyzing or even defining this pervasive component of particulate carbon, it has become quite important to have appropriate reference materials for intercomparison and quality control. The NIST “urban dust” Standard Reference Material® SRM 1649a is useful in this respect, in part because it comprises a considerable array of inorganic and organic species, and because it exhibits a large degree of (14C) isotopic heterogeneity, with biomass carbon source contributions ranging from about 2 % (essentially fossil aliphatic fraction) to about 32 % (polar fraction).A primary purpose of this report is to provide documentation for the new isotopic and chemical particulate carbon data for the most recent (31 Jan. 2001) SRM 1649a Certificate of Analysis. Supporting this is a critical review of underlying international intercomparison data and methodologies, provided by 18 teams of analytical experts from 11 institutions. Key results of the intercomparison are: (1) a new, Certified Value for total carbon (TC) in SRM 1649a; (2) 14C Reference Values for total carbon and a number of organic species, including for the first time 8 individual PAHs; and (3) elemental carbon (EC) Information Values derived from 13 analytical methods applied to this component. Results for elemental carbon, which comprised a special focus of the intercomparison, were quite diverse, reflecting the confounding of methodological-matrix artifacts, and methods that tended to probe more or less refractory regions of this universal, but ill-defined product of incomplete combustion. Availability of both chemical and 14C speciation data for SRM 1649a holds great promise for improved analytical insight through comparative analysis (e.g., fossil/biomass partition in EC compared to PAH), and through application of the principle of isotopic mass balance. 相似文献
97.
98.
Bertil Persson 《Materials and Structures》2006,39(7):707-716
In this article experimental and numerical studies of internal frost resistance of self-compacting and normal concrete, with
and without fibres, are outlined. For this purpose self-compacting concrete with low water-cement ratio was studied, with
varying amounts of filler, crystalline or sedimentary, different pouring pressures and different mixing procedure with two
ages at the start of testing. The concrete was frozen twice a day at ±20^∘C all around the specimen up to 300 cycles. Measurement
of length, weight and internal fundamental frequency were performed at the start of testing, at 100 cycles and at 300 frost
cycles. Tests were also carried out on submerged cast self-compacting concrete and on self-compacting concrete with fibres.
In reference tests normal concrete was studied in parallel. In general self-compacting concrete behaved well or better than
normal concrete to internal frost except for the submerged cast concrete, where large segregation occurred and low internal
frost resistance followed. The main reasons for low internal frost resistance in submerged applications were probably differences
in water-cement ratio in the casting due to cement, water or/and aggregate segregation. Polypropylene fibres in concrete seemed
to prohibit the movement of water in the air void system so that a sudden internal collapse occurred before 300 frost cycles. 相似文献
99.
Hirschberg D Jägerbrink T Samskog J Gustafsson M Ståhlberg M Alvelius G Husman B Carlquist M Jörnvall H Bergman T 《Analytical chemistry》2004,76(19):5864-5871
A compact disk (CD)-based microfluidic method for selective detection of phosphopeptides by mass spectrometry is described. It combines immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) and enzymatic dephosphorylation. Phosphoproteins are digested with trypsin and processed on the CD using nanoliter scale IMAC with and without subsequent in situ alkaline phosphatase treatment. This is followed by on-CD matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry. Dephosphorylation of the IMAC-enriched peptides allows selective phosphopeptide detection based on the differential mass maps generated (mass shifts of 80 Da or multiples of 80 Da). The CD contains 96 microstructures, each with a 16 nL IMAC microfluidic column. Movement of liquid is controlled by differential spinning of the disk. Up to 48 samples are distributed onto the CD in two equal sets. One set is for phosphopeptide enrichment only, the other for identical phosphopeptide enrichment but combined with in situ dephosphorylation. Peptides are eluted from the columns directly into MALDI target areas, still on the CD, using a solvent containing the MALDI matrix. After crystallization, the CD is inserted into a MALDI mass spectrometer for analysis down to the femtomole level. The average success rate in phosphopeptide detection is over 90%. Applied to noncharacterized samples, the method identified two novel phosphorylation sites, Thr 735 and Ser 737, in the ligand-binding domain of the human mineralocorticoid receptor. 相似文献
100.