Synthesis of mesoporous geopolymeric powder from LD slag as superior adsorbent for Zinc (II) removal

Linz-Donawitz(LD) slag Geopolymer(LDSGP), a porous aluminosillicate geopolymeric adsorbent, has been synthesized from steel plant LD slag for efficient removal of Zinc(II) ions from wastewater, thus presenting a solution for converting industrial waste to adsorbent for wastewater treatment. The colloid paste of raw LD slag and the alkaline activator (10?M NaOH?+?sodium silicate (1:1 w/w)) has been cured for 3?days at low temperature to geopolymerize the calcium oxide rich LD slag. The BET surface area of LDSGP adsorbent (30.84?m²/g) has improved considerably compared to raw LDS (4.85?m²/g) and the FESEM and HRTEM images reveal the presence of micropetal and cauliflower like structures at outer surface of the adsorbent particles. The mesoporous nature of LDSGP adsorbent can be understood by analyzing N₂ adsorption-desorption and pore size distribution plot. The PXRD pattern of LDSGP adsorbent powder confirms the presence of Ca₂SiO₄ and Ca₃SiO₅ in the geopolymeric matrix. Langmuir isotherm model correlates the batch adsorption data of Zn²⁺ ions onto LDSGP particles at 298?K, 308?K and 318?K. The maximum Zn²⁺ ions adsorption capacity of LDSGP is 86?mg/g at 318?K. The adsorption kinetic data is correlated with pseudo-second-order model indicating chemisorption of Zn²⁺ ions onto LD slag geopolymeric powder adsorbent.     

Potential of migration of active compounds from protein‐based films with essential oils to a food and a food simulant

Migration tests at different temperatures and storage periods were performed to evaluate the release of active compounds from active whey protein films (WPFs) to a food and food simulants. Whey protein film incorporated with different levels of an optimized essential oils (EOs) blend (1%, 2%, 2.7%, and 5%, w/w) were prepared by casting. This blend contained EOs from rosemary and 2 species of cinnamon. Salami was packaged with WPF and stored during 180 days at 5°C. Temperature influenced significantly the migration of compounds (P<.1). It was observed that eucalyptol was the compound that presented the highest potential of migration into 95% ethanol (v/v). After contact of film with salami, it was observed that, in general, more than 50% of active compounds released from WPF to salami. It was observed that higher amounts of active compounds were released to salami than to fatty food simulant. Results suggested that the release of compounds depends on their affinity with the food/food simulant, temperature, their concentration in packaging, and composition of food. Active packaging may ensure the quality of food due the migration of compounds from EO with antimicrobial and antioxidant activity incorporated in the film to the foodstuff.     

Reaction kinetics of fly ash geopolymerization: Role of particle size controlled by using ball mill

Fly ash is milled for 0, 30 and 90?min and used to study the role of particle size on the kinetics of geopolymer formation. The increase in particle fineness is very prominent in the initial milling stage, and then slows down due to agglomeration effect of finer fraction. The fly ash geopolymerization kinetics and its mechanism is determined using heat of reaction data measured by isothermal conduction calorimeter. The improvement in reaction rate with milling is correlated with the median particle size of the fly ash. The apparent activation energy decreases with size reduction because finer fractions are more prone to alkali activation. Although the kinetics changes with particle fineness, but no alternation is detected in the reaction mechanism, governed by nucleation and growth. The apparent activation energy evaluated by rate method is showing three major steps of geopolymerization such as dissolution, gel formation and restructuring.     

The problem of machine ethics in artificial intelligence

AI & SOCIETY - The advent of the intelligent robot has occupied a significant position in society over the past decades and has given rise to new issues in society. As we know, the primary aim...     

Countermeasures for Primary User Emulation Attack: A Comprehensive Review

Wireless Personal Communications - Cognitive radio (CR) is a flexible wireless network that can solve the scarcity and underutilization problem of the spectrum by permitting unlicensed users to...     

Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Optimization Using Meta-heuristic Algorithms

Wireless Personal Communications - Spectrum sensing helps to sense the unutilized spectrum in an opportunistic manner for cognitive radios. The various cognitive radios work in a cooperative manner...     

Performance analysis of diamond search algorithm over full search algorithm

Microsystem Technologies - Motion estimation is a progression used to estimate motion vectors between two or more images with a high degree of temporal redundancy. It is commonly used in video...     

Fire Controlling Under Uncertainty in Urban Region Using Smart Vehicular Ad hoc Network

Every year thousands of urban and industrial fires occur, which leads to the destruction of infrastructure, buildings, and loss of lives. One of the reasons behind this is the delayed transmission of information to the fire station and the nearer hospitals for ambulance service as the transmission of information is dependent on observer at the location where the fire is caught and cellular network. This paper proposed an automated routing protocol for the urban vehicular ad-hoc network to send the information from the location where the fire is caught to the nearest fire stations and hospitals with optimum service time. This transmission of information involves Road Side Unit (RSU) at the junction and the vehicles present in the transmission path. Selection of route to transmit faulty vehicle information from the RSU to the required faulty vehicle is based on a parameter called path value. The computation of path value is done by the attributes such as expected End To End (E2E) delay, the shortest distance to destination, the density of vehicle between the junctions, and attenuation. From the current junction, the selection of the next junction is based on minimum path value. The proposed routing protocol considers the performance parameters such as E2E delay, total service time (TST), number of network fragments or network gaps, number of hops, and attenuation for the propagation path for the evaluation of the proposed methodology. The proposed routing algorithm is implemented through OmNet++ and SUMO. Results obtained for the proposed routing protocol is compared with three existing VANET protocols (GSR, A-STAR, and ARP) in terms of End To End delay, number of hops, number of vehicular gaps, and Total Service Time (TST).