An equation of state for isobutane-isopentane mixtures with corrections for impurities

A global Helmholtz function accurately representing the thermodynamic properties of isobutane-isopentane mixtures over a wide range of temperatures and pressures has been developed. The Helmholtz function has been used for the generation by computer of tables and charts of properties of interest to designers of power cycles. This Helmholtz function has also been extended to allow for additional components in the mixture, thus enabling the accurate calculation of corrections to the thermodynamic properties when impurities are present in significant amounts.Paper presented at the Ninth Symposium on Thermophysical Properties, June 24–27, 1985, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.     

Association between intestinal vitamin D receptor, calcium absorption, and serum 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D in normal young and elderly women

This paper systematically reviews the results from epidemiologic studies investigating the hypothesis that breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women increases with increasing concentrations of estradiol in blood and with increasing urinary estrogen excretion rates. Data from 29 epidemiologic studies of endogenous hormones and postmenopausal breast cancer were used. The ratio of the average estrogen concentration in the women with breast cancer to that in the women without breast cancer (and its 95 percent confidence interval [CI]) was calculated for each study, and the results were summarized by calculating weighted averages of the log ratios. In six prospective studies of serum estradiol concentration, 329 women who subsequently developed breast cancer had, overall, a 15 percent (CI = 6-24 percent, P = 0.0003) higher mean concentration of estradiol in their blood than the 1,105 women who remained free of cancer. The results of these prospective studies did not differ significantly from each other (chi2 for heterogeneity = 8.7; degrees of freedom = 5; P > 0.1). Similar differences in mean estrogen levels were seen in the case-control studies which reported either estradiol concentrations in the blood or urinary estrogen excretion. However, the case-control studies showed significant heterogeneity among their results. The data from the prospective studies strongly suggest that breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women is associated with relatively high concentrations of endogenous estradiol.     

Development and psychometric evaluation of the Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experience Scales (TAPES).

Objective: To develop a multidimensional self-report instrument to better understand the experience of amputation and adjustment to a lower limb prosthesis. Design: One hundred four participants completed a mail questionnaire consisting of 3 sections: psychosocial issues, activity restriction, and satisfaction with a prosthesis. Results: Factor analysis revealed 3 psychosocial subscales (General Adjustment, Social Adjustment, and Adjustment to Limitation), 3 activity restriction subscales (Functional Restriction, Social Restriction, and Athletic Activity Restriction), and 3 satisfaction subscales (Functional Satisfaction, Aesthetic Satisfaction, and Weight Satisfaction). The subscales displayed high internal reliability, and preliminary evidence indicated various forms of validity. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experience Scales may be applied as a clinical and research tool. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder with comorbid panic attacks: Combining cognitive processing therapy with panic control treatment techniques.

A large proportion of patients who present for treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) experience comorbid panic attacks, yet currently available PTSD treatment programs do not address this problem. This report provides an initial evaluation of a newly developed treatment, multiple channel exposure therapy (M-CET), for comorbid PTSD and panic attacks. The treatment uses elements of cognitive processing therapy treatment for PTSD and elements of panic control treatment to target physiological, cognitive, and behavioral symptoms. Results suggest that M-CET may be a promising treatment program for a subset of PTSD patients who experience panic attacks. Preliminary guidelines for conducting M-CET in a group format with participants exposed to diverse traumatic events are provided. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Retrospective assessment of marital adjustment and depression during the first 2 years of spousal bereavement.

Two hundred twelve bereaved elders rated marital adjustment using items drawn from the H. J. Locke and K. M. Wallace (1959) Marital Adjustment Test and completed the Beck Depression Inventory 2 months, 12 months, and 30 months after the loss of their spouses. Their responses were compared with those of 162 nonbereaved individuals of comparable age who were tested at the same times. More positive ratings of marital adjustment were made by bereaved subjects than by nonbereaved subjects. Among nonbereaved elders, more severe ratings of depression were associated with lower ratings of marital adjustment. In the bereaved sample, however, the opposite was found: More severe ratings of depression were associated with higher ratings of marital adjustment. This pattern of results changed only slightly over the 2.5-year course of bereavement and was not influenced by gender. These results are discussed in terms of cognitive processes (e.g., idealization) that influence retrospective assessments of marital adjustment during bereavement. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Symmetric and asymmetric manual materials handling. Part 1: Physiology and psychophysics

To study the physiological and psychophysical costs of symmetric and asymmetric manual materials handling, two tasks were performed by 30 industrial subjects. In both tasks, box weight and handle position were varied. The symmetric task, lifting and lowering between floor and conveyor, showed handles to be beneficial. The asymmetric task was palletizing and depalletizing 36 boxes between a pallet and a conveyor. Both palletizing and depalletizing proved strenuous for females with heart rates exceeding 140b/min. All handle positions were better than No Handles, but the best handle position changed from asymmetric for 9 kg boxes to symmetric for 13 kg boxes. The effect of handles was equivalent to a weight change of 1-2 kg for Heart Rate and Rated Perceived Exertion, but much higher (2-14 kg) for Body Part Discomfort measures.     

Effects of opiate manipulations on latent inhibition in rabbits: Sensitivity of the medial septal region to intracranial treatments.

Rabbits were exposed to an auditory stimulus that was later used as a conditioned stimulus (CS). Administration of the agonist levorphanol into the medial septal region either preceding or immediately following CS preexposure sessions attenuated latent inhibition of the conditioned response. This effect was observed in animals that showed no change in long-term retention of habituation. Administration of levorphanol into the central nucleus of the amygdala, a sensitive site for opiate manipulations on aversive conditioning tasks, were ineffective. Further analysis of the effect obtained within the septal region revealed pharmacological specificity. The effect of posttraining levorphanol was also time dependent and exhibited neuroanatomical specificity. Posttraining opiate antagonist administration into the medial septum produced a modest augmentation of latent inhibition. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

家庭住宅 法国拉马蒂埃尔

正几个世纪以来,不同的地理环境一直都采用这类封闭的庭院形式——每一次都根据当地气候、风俗习惯和建筑实践进行改造。作为一种在建筑物内捕捉户外景观的手段,庭院由建筑内部结构决定。流畅的庭院不但提供内外部隐私保护,而且也不断地向外延伸,积极融入周边景观。该住宅遵守严格的分区指导方针,同时通过在屋顶上扩建自然植物区系与景观融合。坐落在橄榄树林、松树和葡萄园内,该住宅充分利用坡地,从而获得可持续的拓展和种植     

The Phosphoinositide 3‐Kinase Signaling Pathway is Involved in the Control of Modified Low‐Density Lipoprotein Uptake by Human Macrophages

The transformation of macrophages into lipid‐loaded foam cells is a critical early event in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Both receptor‐mediated uptake of modified LDL, mediated primarily by scavenger receptors‐A (SR‐A) and CD36 along with other proteins such as lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and macropinocytosis contribute to macrophage foam cell formation. The signaling pathways that are involved in the control of foam cell formation are not fully understood. In this study, we have investigated the role of phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) in relation to foam cell formation in human macrophages. The pan PI3K inhibitor LY294002 attenuated the uptake of modified LDL and macropinocytosis, as measured by Lucifer Yellow uptake, by human macrophages. In addition, the expression of SR‐A, CD36 and LPL was attenuated by LY294002. The use of isoform‐selective PI3K inhibitors showed that PI3K‐β, ‐γ and ‐δ were all required for the expression of SR‐A and CD36 whereas only PI3K‐γ was necessary in the case of LPL. These studies reveal a pivotal role of PI3K in the control of macrophage foam cell formation and provide further evidence for their potential as therapeutic target against atherosclerosis.