Production of glass-ceramics using Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash

Municipal solid waste incineration(MSWI) fly ash is a by-product from municipal waste incineration.According to incomplete statistics, each year more than one million tons MSWI fly ash was produced in China. Owing to high heavy elements content, widely used disposal methods of landfill are not suitable for MSWI fly ash treatment. In this study, by using MSWI fly ash as raw materials, glassceramics was synthesized for the solidification of heavy metals and waste recycle. Process parameters, including composition, heat treatment temperature and time, were studied and optimized. Under optimizing conditions, the product has good properties of density of 3.42 g·cm~(-3) and Vickers hardness of 6.91 GPa. Moreover, the leaching concentration of heavy metal elements meets allowable values of toxicity characteristic leaching procedure(TCLP).This study offers an alternative for MSWI fly ash recycle.     

Exosomes Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells

The functional mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have become a research focus in recent years. Accumulating evidence supports the notion that MSCs act in a paracrine manner. Therefore, the biological factors in conditioned medium, including exosomes and soluble factors, derived from MSC cultures are being explored extensively. The results from most investigations show that MSC-conditioned medium or its components mediate some biological functions of MSCs. Several studies have reported that MSC-derived exosomes have functions similar to those of MSCs, such as repairing tissue damage, suppressing inflammatory responses, and modulating the immune system. However, the mechanisms are still not fully understood and the results remain controversial. Compared with cells, exosomes are more stable and reservable, have no risk of aneuploidy, a lower possibility of immune rejection following in vivo allogeneic administration, and may provide an alternative therapy for various diseases. In this review, we summarize the properties and biological functions of MSC-derived exosomes and discuss the related mechanisms.     

Photovoltaic Study of Photoelectrochemical Biofuel Cells Sensitized by Porphyrin Derivatives with Different Substituents

Two porphyrin derivatives with different substituents were investigated as dyes for the titanium dioxide (TiO₂) film electrode to construct new two-compartment photoelectrochemical biofuel cells (PEBFCs). The two porphyrin derivatives were tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP) and meso-tetra(p-hydroxyphenyl)porphine (THPP). To determine how cell performance was affected by the dye with different substituents, we analyzed the photochemical and photoelectrochemical properties of the two dyes by physical characterization and photoelectrochemical experiments. The UV–Vis absorption spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectra indicated that the interactions between the dye and TiO₂ decreased in the order of TCPP > THPP, which was also in accord with the results of Fourier transform infrared. In addition, TCPP and THPP were calculated using the density functional theory and the time-dependent density functional theory, and the calculation result exhibited that the radiative lifetime decreased in the order of TCPP > THPP. Compared with THPP, TCPP with longer excited-state was expected to enhance the performance of a PEBFC. We measured and compared the incident photon-to-collected electron conversion efficiency and the light-to-electrical conversion efficiency (η) of the porphyrin-sensitized photoelectrochemical biofuel cell. The photovoltaic characteristics showed the TCPP was more effective compared to the THPP, which obviously showed that the experimental results were consistent with theoretical expectation. These results revealed that the kind of the substituent for the porphyrin influenced the photovoltaic properties of the PEBFC.     

Preface

Evolutionary Algorithms(EAs)mimicking the principles of natural evolution can be used as powerful search and optimization methods.These Evolutionary Optimization methods are superior to traditional optimization methods especially in situations where gradient information is not readily available.EAs are generic and robust optimization methods since they do not make any assumption about the underlying search space.This is clearly evident by the success of EAs in a diverse range of real-world applications.T...     

三氯化铁分光光度法测定药物中亚甲基二膦酸

通过三氯化铁与亚甲基二膦酸形成络合物,采用分光光度法,建立了注射用亚锡亚甲基二膦酸盐冻干药盒中亚甲基二膦酸含量的测定方法。结果表明,亚甲基二膦酸质量浓度在0.02～0.08 g/L范围内与吸光度A呈良好线性关系,线性回归方程y=14.61x+0.029 7,线性相关系数r=0.999 1。加标回收率为98.8%～102.0%,相对标准偏差为0.97%(n=6)。该方法可用于快速准确地测定注射用亚锡亚甲基二膦酸盐冻干药盒中亚甲基二膦酸的含量。     

Numerical analysis of a ventilated supercavity under periodic motion of the cavitator

This paper presents a numerical simulation of the geometry and the pressure distribution of a ventilated supercavity at different cavitator amplitudes and perio...     

响应曲面法优化大肠菌群初发酵培养基

在标准LST培养基基础上,通过单因素实验、Box-Behnken响应曲面法优化大肠菌群初发酵培养基,探讨了乳糖、胰蛋白胨和酵母粉各因素对大肠菌群菌落总数的影响。确定适宜的培养基组成为乳糖0.5g/100mL,胰蛋白胨1.64g/100mL,酵母粉0.29g/100mL。在此条件下,大肠菌群菌落总数为1.025×107cfu/mL,经验证实际值为1.033×107cfu/mL,与理论值无明显差异。      

基于改进EMD和LS-SVM的刀具磨损状态识别

针对经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition, EMD)的端点效应、停止准则和虚假分量作了改进处理, 通过对仿真信号的对比验证证明了改进方法的可行性.采集切削加工中的声发射(acoustic emission, AE)信号并对AE信号运用改进EMD方法分解为若干个固有模态函数(intrinsic mode function, IMF)分量, 利用IMF分量和原始信号的相关系数作为判断依据, 剔除分解中产生的虚假分量, 然后提取IMF分量的归一化能量值并将其作为特征向量.将提取的特征向量分为2组:一组用于对最小二乘支持向量机(least squares support vector machine, LS-SVM)训练;另一组用于识别刀具磨损状态.实验结果表明该方法可有效地表征刀具的磨损状态.     

目标微动参数估计的曲线跟踪算法

对于包含多散射点的微动部件来说,其微动参数估计等价于多分量非平稳信号的瞬时频率估计.针对此问题,提出一种基于曲线跟踪算法的目标微动参数估计方法.该算法首先在时频域通过最近邻数据关联算法分离各分量信号的时频曲线,然后,采用扩展Kalman滤波器对各时频曲线进行平滑滤波,并基于平滑后的时频曲线估计目标微动参数.基于电磁计算数据的仿真结果验证了该算法的有效性.     

修正二面角散射模型的改进四分量分解

提出了一种面向极化合成孔径雷达数据的改进四分量分解方法.针对极化分解中体散射过高估计问题,改进极化分解使用分布二面角散射模型替代四分量分解原相干偶次散射模型,并引入归一化圆相关系数以实现分解.将改进极化分解运用到奥伯法芬霍芬(Oberpfaffenhofen)地区的实验合成孔径雷达(Experimental Synthetic Aperture Radar,ESAR)的全极化机载L波段数据和北京地区的先进陆地观测卫星L波段相控阵合成孔径雷达(the Phased Array Lband SAR sensor of Advanced Land Observing Satellite,ALOS PALSAR)的全极化星载数据,通过负功率像素、地物散射分量的对比,以及分解结果和光学图像的比对三个方面说明了改进极化分解的有效性.改进极化分解能够有效降低体散射分量,减少负功率像素个数,以及正确获得45°建筑的散射机制.