中国石化科技期刊全文检索系统WEB版的功能与实现

论述“中国石油化工集团公司科技期刊全文检索系统”WEB版的功能与实现，介绍了其使用方法及检索策略。     

Economic generation dispatch with responsive spinning reserveconstraints

The economic reallocation of generation resources to minimize production costs, while maintaining a margin of responsive reserve, is presented. Responsive reserve on units is defined at Houston Lighting & Power Co. (HL&P) to be the minimum of (1) 20% of a unit's high capability limit, or (2) the adherence between its actual production and the same high limit. By maintaining sufficient responsive reserve across all units, HL&P generation is much more capable of responding to frequency deviations and fast system load pick-up. The algorithm economically reduces generation on lower cost units running at maximum capability to provide room to pick-up load when needed. The algorithm, its integration into the HL&P energy management system and the company's operating experience in using the techniques are described. Also provided is an analysis of the relatively small economic cost to provide this additional reliability     

离子液体在羰基化反应中的应用

综述了离子液体在羰基化反应中的应用,包括氢甲酰化反应、胺的氧化羰化反应、醇的羰基化反应、烃类的羰基化反应等.反应中离子液体不仅可以起到很好的溶剂作用,而且由于其独特的结构和性质,还可以提高催化剂活性和选择性、简化产物分离过程、便于催化剂回收循环利用.     

Prevalence of morphologic defects in spermatozoa from beef bulls

OBJECTIVE: To determine the overall prevalence of morphologic defects in spermatozoa from beef bulls and to determine whether prevalence varies with the age of the bull. DESIGN: Cross-sectional observational study. ANIMALS: 2,497 beef bulls that were evaluated for breeding soundness in 1994 by 29 practicing veterinarians in a 5-state geographic region. PROCEDURE: Slides of spermatozoa from each bull were made and submitted by practicing veterinarians for morphologic evaluation. One hundred spermatozoa per slide were examined, and each was classified as having 1 of 9 morphologic defects or as normal. RESULTS: 63% of bulls evaluated were 10 to 12 months old, and 20% were 13 to 18 months old. A mean of 70.6% of spermatozoa was classified as normal. Most common defects were proximal droplets (8.4%), distal midpiece reflexes (6.7%), separated heads (5.5%), and distal droplets (3.8%). Other defects were seen < 2% of the time. Bulls 10 to 12 months of age had a higher prevalence of proximal and distal droplet defects than older bulls. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Practitioners conducting breeding soundness evaluations in beef bulls must be aware of common spermatozoal defects. Bulls that are evaluated at a young age will have more defects than older bulls and should be reevaluated, particularly for those defects for which prevalence decreases with age.     

科普服务发展与新模式研究

近年来,欧美国家的科普场馆已经在探索面向学校、面向家庭、面向社区和面向社会的科普服务新模式,它们更加强调受众群体的“亲历”和“参与”,并提出了“体验型”的科学传播方式。本文是对国外科普场馆的科普服务新模式研究的阶段性研究成果介绍,以期为我国科普教育场馆服务内容的拓展与创新提供借鉴。     

降解上部烟叶大分子物质的复合酶配制与条件优化

为降低上部烟叶中淀粉和蛋白质等大分子成分含量,提高其吸食品质,本研究在统一评价酶活力的基础上,选用4种酶制剂（淀粉酶IV、蛋白酶I、果胶酶I和纤维素酶II）配制复合酶制剂,采用单因素法和Box-Benhnken响应面分析法对影响酶解效果的复合酶量、缓冲液pH、含水量和酶解时间等因素进行优化。分析显示,4个因素对上部烟叶中淀粉和蛋白质降解率的影响顺序为：缓冲液pH > 酶解时间 > 含水量 > 复合酶量。响应面分析结果确定最优酶解条件为：复合酶量1.1单位（即淀粉酶IV 33 U/g烟叶,蛋白酶I 550 U/g烟叶,果胶酶I 220 U/g烟叶,纤维素酶II 220 U/g烟叶）、缓冲液pH 7.7、含水量54 %、酶解时间5.5 h,此时淀粉和蛋白质降解率分别为19.54%和20.03%。本研究中的复合酶制剂及酶解条件可以很好地结合于烟草打叶复烤工艺过程中,具有较好的应用前景。     

红曲菌液态发酵产天然黄色素的条件优化

该实验旨在通过优化发酵条件,提高红曲黄色素的产量。该实验室前期筛选获得了1株产黄色素的菌株sjs-6,以此为试验菌株,对培养基的碳源、氮源、Mg²⁺添加量、初始pH、培养温度进行了优化。并通过液质联用、核磁共振检测该红曲黄色素中的主要成分。结果表明,当麦芽糖80 g/L,(NH₄)₂SO₄10 g/L,MgSO₄1. 0 g/L,培养基初始pH值为6. 0,30℃下恒温培养时黄色素的色价最高,可达508. 61 U/mL,是未优化前的1. 52倍。经分析鉴定,该红曲黄色素中的主要成分为红曲素Monascin,纯度为97%。该研究为天然红曲黄色素的工业化生产提供了理论依据。     

响应面法优化樟芝固态发酵产安卓奎诺尔

以樟芝菌固态发酵生产活性代谢产物安卓奎诺尔为目标物,采用Box-Behnken原理进行响应面分析,对樟芝固态发酵产安卓奎诺尔条件进行优化,结果表明：接种量为296.80 mL/kg、Triton X-100添加量为1.10 mL/kg、辅酶Q0的添加量为0.23 g/kg时,理论上樟芝固态发酵培养基安卓奎诺尔产量的最大值为865.85 mg/kg。经验证,安卓奎诺尔实际产量为865.32 mg/kg,表明实验建立的模型能较好地预测实际发酵产安卓奎诺尔的情况。通过优化,樟芝固态发酵安卓奎诺尔产量比优化前（260.57 mg/kg）提高了232.09%。