Über die Wirkung der Korngrö$sZe von Stahl auf die Übergangstemperatur der Kerbschlagzähigkeit

Kerbschlagzähigkeitsuntersuchungen an drei unlegierten oder niedriglegierten Feinkornstählen unterschiedlicher Herstellung und Desoxydation und eine vergleichende Betrachtung an sieben, dem Schrifttum entnommenen unlegierten Baustählen. Zusammenhang zwischen der Übergangstemperatur (nach verschiedenen Festlegungen), der Korngrö$sZe und dem Mangangehalt. Einflu$sZ einer Wärmebehandlung auf die Korngrö$sZe und ihre Verknüpfung mit der Kerbschlagzähigkeit und dem Verformungsbruchanteil.     

Real-time image segmentation for visual inspection of pharmaceutical tablets

Visual appearance is an important quality factor of pharmaceutical tablets. Due to the vast quantities of produced tablets and high-quality requirements, pharmaceutical companies are interested in employing automated systems for real-time visual tablet inspection with the speeds of up to 100 tablets per second. Such systems require reliable tablet manipulation, illumination, image acquisition, tablet image analysis, classification, and sorting system. Tablet image segmentation, in which each tablet image is partitioned into the tablet region and background, is the first and very important step in tablet image analysis. It this paper, we propose a novel real-time segmentation method for grey-level images that is based on border tracking. The proposed method was designed to be accurate, robust, and computationally undemanding. The performances of the method were objectively assessed on a large number of simulated and real tablet images. The obtained results indicated high reliability, accuracy, and speed. The 100% reliability was obtained for segmentation of real images of pharmaceutical tablets, while the segmentation times were no more than 1.5 ms or 15% of the whole time available for tablet image analysis. As such, the proposed method proved feasible for real-time visual quality inspection of pharmaceutical tablets. Based on just a few assumptions that are usually fulfilled, the method may be a valuable segmentation tool for many other visual quality inspection applications.     

Image registration for visual inspection of imprinted pharmaceutical tablets

Image registration plays a vital role in visual quality inspection of tablets with imprints. In this paper, three registration methods, based on direct matching of pixel intensities, principal axes matching and circular profile matching, were proposed and objectively evaluated on real, large and representative image database (1,634 images) of various types of non-defective and defective tablets. Comparing against a devised “gold standard” registration and considering execution times and different registration tasks, circular profile matching method proved to be a powerful image processing tool for improving visual quality inspection of imprinted tablets in real time.     

An almost distribution-independent incremental Delaunay triangulation algorithm

This paper presents a new incremental insertion algorithm for constructing a Delaunay triangulation. Firstly, the nearest point is found in order to speed up the location of a triangle containing a currently inserted point. A hash table and 1–3 deterministic skip lists, combined with a walking strategy, are used for this task. The obtained algorithm is compared with the most popular Delaunay triangulation algorithms. The algorithm has the following attractive features: it is fast and practically independent of the distribution of input points, it is not memory demanding, and it is numerically stable and easy to implement.     

A Survey of Parallel and Distributed Algorithms for the Steiner Tree Problem

Given a set of input points, the Steiner Tree Problem (STP) is to find a minimum-length tree that connects the input points, where it is possible to add new points to minimize the length of the tree. Solving the STP is of great importance since it is one of the fundamental problems in network design, very large scale integration routing, multicast routing, wire length estimation, computational biology, and many other areas. However, the STP is NP-hard, which shatters any hopes of finding a polynomial-time algorithm to solve the problem exactly. This is why the majority of research has looked at finding efficient heuristic algorithms. Additionally, many authors focused their work on utilizing the ever-increasing computational power and developed many parallel and distributed methods for solving the problem. In this way we are able to obtain better results in less time than ever before. Here, we present a survey of the parallel and distributed methods for solving the STP and discuss some of their applications.     

3-D/2-D registration by integrating 2-D information in 3-D

In image-guided therapy, high-quality preoperative images serve for planning and simulation, and intraoperatively as "background", onto which models of surgical instruments or radiation beams are projected. The link between a preoperative image and intraoperative physical space of the patient is established by image-to-patient registration. In this paper, we present a novel 3-D/2-D registration method. First, a 3-D image is reconstructed from a few 2-D X-ray images and next, the preoperative 3-D image is brought into the best possible spatial correspondence with the reconstructed image by optimizing a similarity measure (SM). Because the quality of the reconstructed image is generally low, we introduce a novel SM, which is able to cope with low image quality as well as with different imaging modalities. The novel 3-D/2-D registration method has been evaluated and compared to the gradient-based method (GBM) using standardized evaluation methodology and publicly available 3-D computed tomography (CT), 3-D rotational X-ray (3DRX), and magnetic resonance (MR) and 2-D X-ray images of two spine phantoms, for which gold standard registrations were known. For each of the 3DRX, CT, or MR images and each set of X-ray images, 1600 registrations were performed from starting positions, defined as the mean target registration error (mTRE), randomly generated and uniformly distributed in the interval of 0-20 mm around the gold standard. The capture range was defined as the distance from gold standard for which the final TRE was less than 2 mm in at least 95% of all cases. In terms of success rate, as the function of initial misalignment and capture range the proposed method outperformed the GBM. TREs of the novel method and the GBM were approximately the same. For the registration of 3DRX and CT images to X-ray images as few as 2-3 X-ray views were sufficient to obtain approximately 0.4 mm TREs, 7-9 mm capture range, and 80%-90% of successful registrations. To obtain similar results for MR to X-ray registrations, an image, reconstructed from at least 11 X-ray images was required. Reconstructions from more than 11 images had no effect on the registration results.     

An efficient lossy cartoon image compression method

Multimedia Tools and Applications - This paper introduces a new lossy approach for compression of cartoon images. The image is firstly partitioned into regions of roughly the same colour. The chain...     

Optimal conditions for determination of zinc bacitracin,polymyxin B,oxytetracycline and sulfacetamide in animal feed by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography

A separation technique for zinc bacitracin, polymyxin B, oxytetracycline and sulfacetamide in animal feedstuffs by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC) was developed. The running buffer was 20 mmol l^?1 borate, 20 mmol l^?1 phosphate, pH 8.4, containing 20 mmol l^?1 sodium dodecylsulphate and 10% (v/v) methanol. MEKC was performed at 25°C; the applied voltage was 25 kV with a running pressure of 10 mbar. Simultaneous UV detection for all analytes was at 215 nm. The method was validated for specificity, accuracy, linearity, precision and robustness. It was shown to be specific, accurate (recoveries were 99.7?±?0.3, 99.9?±?0.9, 99.8?±?1.0 and 99.5?±?0.4, respectively, for oxytetracycline-, sulfacetamide-, polymyxin B- and zinc bacitracin-spiked samples of feed for cow, pigs, chicken and cattle), linear over the tested range (correlation coefficients ≥0.9987) and precise (RSDs below 1.8% for each analyte). The method was applied to determine zinc bacitracin, polymyxin B, oxytetracycline and sulfacetamide as additives in animal feed.     

Fault tree developed by an object-based method improves requirements specification for safety-related systems

Fault tree analysis is frequently used to improve system reliability and safety. To be suitable for analysis of software in computerised safety-related systems, it has to be modified accordingly. This paper presents a new application: the fault trees developed by an object-based method. The object-based method integrates structural and behavioural models of a system. The developed fault tree includes information on structure and the failure behaviours of classes of the system. Away from traditional use of the fault tree, which for traditional systems emphasises qualitative and quantitative results, the result of the new application emphasises the process of fault tree development and its qualitative results. Such fault tree application reduces the probability of failures in the requirements specification phase within the software life cycle, which increases the reliability of its product; however, it does not confirm this in a quantitative manner.