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11.
A test chamber has been developed in order to provide a small and simple emission testing facility capable of testing construction products in a climate where the important climatic parameters such as temperature, ventilation rate and air velocity can be varied independently around typical indoor values. The test chamber CLIMPAQ is made of panes of window glass. Other main surface materials are stainless steel and eloxated aluminium. The chamber has a volume of 50.9 litres and is designed to meet the requirements for quantifying air pollution. In this investigation human subjects acted as air pollution judges, and chemical characterization of the air pollution was carried out. Carpet, linoleum, wall paint and seal- ant were tested simultaneously in the CLIMPAQ and in four other chambers ranging from a full-scale chamber of 28 m3 to a field and laboratory emission cell of 3.5· 10?5m3. Product ranking is the same in all chambers for the sensory measurements. Emission rates based on sensory measurements differ for all products less than 100 % except for tests in a 3-litre chamber where emission rates were higher. Chemical measurements differ up to approximately 10 times for the same product in different chambers. Deviations appear to be the result of different environmental parameters in the various chambers. Low air concentrations or high specific ventilation rates seem to increase emissions, while differences in air velocities and sink properties may also be the cause of differences in emission rates. 相似文献
12.
S Nielsen A Schmitz RE Knudsen J Dollerup CE Mogensen 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1994,87(12):747-754
In a double-blind, double-dummy, randomized, multi-centre study, the effects of bendroflumethiazide vs. enalapril on blood pressure, glycaemic control, lipoprotein concentrations and albuminuria were compared in non-proteinuric, hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients; they were treated for 20 weeks with either bendroflumethiazide 2.5-5.0 mg (n = 59) or enalapril 10-20 mg (n = 55). Age, fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c and BMI were similar in the groups. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were reduced in both groups. Bendroflumethiazide was accompanied by minor but significant elevations in fasting plasma glucose and serum C-peptide. HbA1c was increased during both treatments. Lipoproteins and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio were stable. Bendroflumethiazide caused a decrease in serum potassium and an increase in serum urate. No significant correlations were observed between the decline in blood pressure and changes in the metabolic risk factors. Baseline levels of age, sex, BMI, blood pressure or urinary albumin/creatinine ratio were not related to changes in blood pressure, metabolic parameters or urinary albumin/creatinine ratio. 相似文献
13.
The dissociative chemisorption of methane on a Ni(100) single crystal has been studied under thermal conditions as a function of pressure and temperature. The initial sticking coefficient was measured in the pressure range of 0.010–7.0 mbar at temperatures ranging from 375 to 500 K. A strong pressure dependence was observed, consistent with a direct dissociation mechanism under these thermal conditions. This was further confirmed by experiments where the gas at a low pressure was heated by a thermal finger facing the crystal surface. With the thermal finger at the same temperature as the surface, it was possible to ensure that the methane was fully equilibrated to the crystal and an activation energy of 59±1.5 kJ/mol was determined under isothermal conditions. 相似文献
14.
15.
Personal exposure in a displacement ventilated room is examined. The stratified flow and the considerable concentration gradients necessitate an improvement of the widely used fully mixing compartmental approach. The exposure of a seated and a standing person in proportion to the stratification height is examined by means of full-scale measurements. A breathing thermal manikin is used to simulate a person. It is found that the flow in the boundary layer around a person is able to a great extent to entrain and transport air from below the breathing zone. In the case of non-passive, heated contaminant sources, this entrainment improves the indoor air quality. Measurements of exposure due to a passive contaminant source show a significant dependence on the flow field as well as on the contaminant source location. Poor system performance is found in the case of a passive contaminant released in the lower part of the room close to the occupant. A personal exposure model for displacement ventilated rooms is proposed. The model takes the influence of gradients and the human thermal boundary layer into account. Two new quantities describing the interaction between a person and the ventilation are defined. 相似文献
16.
Abstract This study deals with the modeling of air pollution in apartments from laboratory measurements of source strengths, using formaldehyde and Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOCs) as model pollutants. The sources in two test apartments were grouped into two: building-related sources and occupant-related sources. The measured source strengths and ventilation rates were used for the prediction of concentrations expected in the apartments. These predictions were compared to measurements in the apartment over 12 months. The conclusions were that the model predictions based on emission rates measured in the laboratory can be used to predict the long-term concentration of the two model pollutants in the apartments. Considering the measured differences in ventilation between the apartments, an occupant emission rate of between 0.2 and 0.3 mg/h/kg body weight could be estimated. Based on previous suggested limits of acceptable exposures of humans to VOCs, an acceptable average emission rate of VOCs from building materials in general was estimated to be about 30 (μ/m2/h. The modeling showed that during the first 200 days, building materials dominated the emissions. After this, sources relating to the occupants dominated. On average about half of the VOC pollution originated from the building materials. 相似文献
17.
FE Nielsen 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,160(32):4644-4648
The aim of the survey was to analyse the investment by the Danish Heart Foundation in the cardiovascular research field in the period 1988-1990 and the ensuing research results. One hundred and thirty-nine researchers were allocated a total DDK 24.1 million. Eighty percent of the researchers have concluded their research work and published 362 scientific papers in 131 journals. The total journal impact factor obtained among 270 scientific papers with known journal impact factor was 642. The median journal impact factor was 1.580. Thirty-five percent of the papers were published in journals with journal impact factor greater than three. The productivity, defined as total journal impact factor obtained divided by an estimate of the total amount (DKK 200 million) of economic support received by the researcher from all sources, was estimated to 3.2 Journal Impact Factor/DKK million. A panel of international experts reviewed the outcome of funding by the Danish Heart Foundation, and concluded that the number of publications and their impact factor was adequate in relation to the economic input. 相似文献
18.
Determination of the epitope of an inhibitory antibody to proliferating cell nuclear antigen 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
G Roos Y Jiang G Landberg NH Nielsen P Zhang MY Lee 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1996,226(1):208-213
We identified an expansion of the CAG trinucleotide repeat in the coding region of the Machado-Joseph disease gene in 7 of 24 American families diagnosed with autosomal dominant ataxia. All affected individuals were heterozygous for an expanded allele that ranged from 67 to more than 200 CAG repeats, whereas the normal allele had 14 to 33 repeats. In contrast to the Azorean-Portuguese origins of Machado-Joseph disease, the two largest American families were of German and Dutch-African descent. Clinical, pathologic, and genetic evaluations suggest that American families with spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 differ from those with Machado-Joseph disease by their ethnic origins, predominant spinopontine atrophy, lack of dystonic features, and larger CAG repeat expansion. 相似文献
19.
The best prototype for designing a new user interface is your old user interface. The second best prototype is a competing product. Your competitors have invested significant resources in designing and implementing what they believe to be good user interfaces. You can glean much of what you need to create a new interface by examining products designed to solve similar problems. As with your own old user interface, you can analyze competing interfaces to see what works and what doesn't. You can also watch how users interact with competing products, and thus learn how they approach tasks. This, in essence, is competitive usability analysis. I recommend performing it very early in the usability engineering life-cycle-after you have visited the customer, gathered requirements, and defined the product vision, but before you design and prototype your new user interface 相似文献
20.
L. H. Lang D. C. Kang S. H. Zhang Z. R. Wang S. J. Yuan K. B. Nielsen J. Dancket ) Department of Materials Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China ) Aalberg University Denmark 《金属学报(英文版)》2000,13(2):476-480
1.~nonHydridapawhcdeepdrawing(HDD)belongstothefieldofsheetmetalfoeingandcanbeaPPliedinthefieldofautomotive,aerospace,drilitaryindustryetc.Ithasbeenrecognizedwidelyintheworld["'j.Fig.Ishowsitsprinciple:TheliqUidthatisfilledinthe~ngdiecavitywillbepressedwhenthepunchgoesdownsothattheeffectoffrictionkeepingandoverflowlubricatingcanbeformed,astherestilt,thefoeinglicitofsheetmetalwillbeimprovedareailvandthegualitVofthefinishedpartswillbeup~ed.BecauseofmanyadvantagesofHDDprocees,ithasbeenwidelys… 相似文献