Reports of mental imagery in retrieval from long-term memory

Phenomenal reports were obtained immediately after participants retrieved information from long-term memory. Data were gathered for six basic forms of memory (semantic, generic perceptual, recollective, motor skill, rote skill, cognitive skill) and for three forms of memory that asked for declarative information about procedural tasks (motor-declarative, rote-declarative, cognitive-declarative). The data show consistent reports of mental imagery during retrieval of information from the generic perceptual, recollective, motor-declarative, rote-declarative, and cognitive-declarative categories; much less imagery was reported for the semantic, motor, rote, and cognitive categories. Overall, the data provide support for the theoretical framework outlined in Brewer and Pani (1983).     

Emerging research memory and logic technologies

The purpose of this article is to introduce a set of technology relevance or evaluation criteria and, based on these criteria, to offer a critical assessment of those technology entries for memory and logic being considered for post CMOS-scaling information processing. Additionally, charge-based nanoelectronic devices are discussed in this article separately from those approaches proposing use of a new means for data representation or "state variable." This separate discussion addresses an important question related to new charge-based information-processing approaches concerning the fundamental limits of an elemental switch (size, energy, speed, etc.).     

Temperature stability range of the binary MoC phase

The MoC phase with the WC structure was prepared by a novel synthetic route that involved the stoichiometric disproportionation of a high-temperature phase, Mo ₃ C ₂ , to MoC and M0 ₂ C at 1000 °C. MoC was found to be thermodynamically stable at temperatures below 1080 °C. From consideration of equilibrium and calorimetric data, the thermodynamic properties of MoC can be established as S ₂₉₈ ⁰/R = 4.41(0.3) andΔH ₂₉₈ ⁰/R = -3430(800)K, Paper presented at the Calorimetry Conference, Asilomar, California.     

What is a reasonable weight loss? Patients' expectations and evaluations of obesity treatment outcomes.

Expert panels and governmental guidelines now recommend that obese persons seek modest (i.e., "reasonable") reductions in body weight rather than striving for "ideal" weights. Little is known, however, about patients' views of what is a "reasonable" weight loss. This study assessed patients' goals, expectations, and evaluations of various outcomes before, during, and after 48 weeks of treatment. Before treatment, 60 obese women (99.1?±?12.3 kg; body mass index of 36.3?±?4.3 kg/m–2) defined their goal weight and 4 other weights: "dream weight"; "happy weight"; "acceptable weight"; and "disappointed weight." Goal weight averaged a 32% reduction in body weight. A 17-kg weight loss was defined as disappointed; a 25-kg loss, was acceptable. After 48 weeks of treatment and a 16-kg weight loss, 47% of patients did not achieve even a disappointed weight. These data illustrate the dramatic disparity between patients' expectations and professional recommendations and the need to help patients accept more modest weight loss outcomes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Factors affecting the sensitivity of e-beam resists

In order to determine the effects of chemical structure on electron beam resist sensitivities, a series of polymers with different reactive components and additives has been investigated. The results, based on a larger number of exposures varying over five orders of magnitude, point out several interesting facts. The data indicate that the sensitivity of negative resists is not a linear function of molecular weight as previously supposed. Also, the negative electron resists tend to be more sensitive and cover a broader range of sensitivities than positive resists. The results further show that olefin and epoxy groups greatly enhance the crosslinking rate of these exposed polymers. However, additives, which are good energy transferring type sensitizers, have little effect on resist sensitivity. This last result is not surprising considering the nonselectivity of the exciting electrons.     

World population growth and related technical problems

Although most literature concerning world population growth and allied problems has been written for a wide spectrum of readers, the present article provides data related to population growth, energy consumption, and life-support capabilities in a format designed specifically to satisfy the technologist. Momentous technical advances have occurred during the last century, but it has become evident that concomitant penalties are beginning to appear. If such a rate of technical growth continues into the future, social systems will become more and more complex, with an increasing probability of malfunction unless closer attention is given to the possible penalties associated with such advances. Since industrialization problems in a highly populated world are difficult, if not impossible, to predict, the intent of this article is to emphasize the need for engineers and scientists to become aware of the importance of their work, and to stimulate thought regarding the relationship between technology and the ultimate quality of life.     

Ordering and precipitation effects in the specific heat and magnetization of copper-iron alloys

There is evidence in the specific heat of dilute copper-iron alloys of magnetic interaction phenomena whose behavior varies according to the range of solute concentration. At temperatures well below T_Kondo and at low concentrations two essentially independent contributions to the specific heat are found. One arises from the thermal excitations in the solid solution and the other from those in a rudimentary fine-scale coherent precipitate.The research was supported by the Science Research Council by provision of a Research Studentship, and by the Ministry of Technology, through the National Physical Laboratory, under Contract No. AD 34/8/04/26, by a Research Studentship (D.J.E.) and a Research Grant.