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Zsuzsa Banhalmi-Zakar Claire Gronow Lachlan Wilkinson Bryan Jenkins Jenny Pope Geraldine Squires 《影响评估与项目评价》2018,36(6):506-515
Impact assessment (IA) has become one of the most prevalent environmental policy instruments today. Its introduction under the National Environmental Policy Act (US) in 1969 was revolutionary. Perhaps it is not surprising, then, that such a widely used tool has received its share of criticism, including that it fails to meet some of its fundamental goals. Over the last fifty years, IA has broadened in scope and application and embraced new techniques. It has followed evolved, but has not changed fundamentally.We believe that IA must continue to change to meet the societal and environmental challenges of the 21st century. But will it be enough for IA to progress through incremental change (evolution), or is a complete overhaul of impact assessment (revolution) needed? We provide some ideas as to what ‘evolution’ and ‘revolution’ may look like, but rather then offering a definitive way forward now, we invite stakeholders to present their thoughts and suggestions at the IAIA19 Annual Conference in Brisbane, which carries the same theme as the title of this article. 相似文献
34.
Image registration based on boundary mapping 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
A new two-stage approach for nonlinear brain image registration is proposed. In the first stage, an active contour algorithm is used to establish a homothetic one-to-one map between a set of region boundaries in two images to be registered. This mapping is used in the second step: a two-dimensional transformation which is based on an elastic body deformation. This method is tested by registering magnetic resonance images to atlas images. 相似文献
35.
Jesmin Haq Bryan D. Vogt Emmett Howard Doug Loy 《Journal of the Society for Information Display》2010,18(11):884-891
Abstract— A processing technology based upon a temporary bond—debond approach has been developed that enables direct fabrication of high‐performance electronic devices on flexible substrates. This technique facilitates processing of flexible plastic and metal‐foil substrates through automated standard semiconductor and flat‐panel tool sets without tool modification. The key to processing with these tool sets is rigidifying the flexible substrates through temporary bonding to carriers that can be handled in a similar manner as silicon wafers or glass substrates in conventional electronics manufacturing. To demonstrate the power of this processing technology, amorphous‐silicon thin‐film‐transistor (a‐Si:H TFT) backplanes designed for electrophoretic displays (EPDs) were fabricated using a low‐temperature process (180°C) on bonded‐plastic and metal‐foil substrates. The electrical characteristics of the TFTs fabricated on flexible substrates are found to be consistent with those processed with identical conditions on rigid silicon wafers. These TFTs on plastic exhibit a field‐effect mobility of 0.77 cm2/V‐sec, on/off current ratio >109 at Vds = 10 V, sub‐threshold swing of 365 mV/dec, threshold voltage of 0.49 V, and leakage current lower than 2 pA/μm gate width. After full TFT‐array fabrication on the bonded substrate and subsequent debonding, the flexible substrate retains its original flexibility; this enables bending of the EPD display without loss in performance. 相似文献
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Jonathan Dobres Nadine Chahine Bryan Reimer David Gould Bruce Mehler Joseph F. Coughlin 《Ergonomics》2016,59(10):1377-1391
Psychophysical research on text legibility has historically investigated factors such as size, colour and contrast, but there has been relatively little direct empirical evaluation of typographic design itself, particularly in the emerging context of glance reading. In the present study, participants performed a lexical decision task controlled by an adaptive staircase method. Two typefaces, a ‘humanist’ and ‘square grotesque’ style, were tested. Study I examined positive and negative polarities, while Study II examined two text sizes. Stimulus duration thresholds were sensitive to differences between typefaces, polarities and sizes. Typeface also interacted significantly with age, particularly for conditions with higher legibility thresholds. These results are consistent with previous research assessing the impact of the same typefaces on interface demand in a simulated driving environment. This simplified methodology of assessing legibility differences can be adapted to investigate a wide array of questions relevant to typographic and interface designs.
Practitioner Summary: A method is described for rapidly investigating relative legibility of different typographical features. Results indicate that during glance-like reading induced by the psychophysical technique and under the lighting conditions considered, humanist-style type is significantly more legible than a square grotesque style, and that black-on-white text is significantly more legible than white-on-black. 相似文献
38.
Wayne D. Robinson Bryan A. Franz Antonio Mannino Jae-Hyun Ahn 《International journal of remote sensing》2016,37(20):4948-4963
The Geostationary Ocean Colour Imager (GOCI) instrument, on Korea’s Communications, Oceans, and Meteorological Satellite (COMS), can produce a spectral artefact arising from the motion of clouds – the cloud is spatially shifted and the amount of shift varies by spectral band. The length of time it takes to acquire all eight GOCI bands for a given slot (portion of a scene) is sufficient to require that cloud motion be taken into account to fully mask or correct the effects of clouds in all bands. Inter-band correlations can be used to measure the amount of cloud shift, which can then be used to adjust the cloud mask so that the union of all shifted masks can act as a mask for all bands. This approach reduces the amount of masking required versus a simple expansion of the mask in all directions away from clouds. Cloud motion can also affect regions with unidentified clouds – thin or fractional clouds that evade the cloud identification process – yielding degraded quality in retrieved ocean colour parameters. Areas with moving and unidentified clouds require more elaborate masking algorithms to remove these degraded retrievals. Correction for the effects of moving fractional clouds may also be possible. The cloud shift information can be used to determine cloud motion and thus wind at the cloud levels on sub-minute timescales. The beneficial and negative effects of moving clouds should be considered for any ocean colour instrument design and associated data processing plans. 相似文献
39.
Tak S Buchholz B Punnett L Moir S Paquet V Fulmer S Marucci-Wellman H Wegman D 《Applied ergonomics》2011,42(5):665-671
This report provides an overview of physical ergonomic exposures in highway construction work across trades and major operations. For each operation, the observational method “PATH” (Posture, Activity, Tools and Handling) was used to estimate the percentage of time that workers spent in specific tasks and with exposure to awkward postures and load handling. The observations were carried out on 73 different days, typically for about 4 h per day, covering 120 construction workers in 5 different trades: laborers, carpenters, ironworkers, plasterers, and tilers. Non-neutral trunk postures (forward or sideways flexion or twisting) were frequently observed, representing over 40% of observations for all trades except laborers (28%). Kneeling and squatting were common in all operations, especially tiling and underground utility relocation work. Handling loads was frequent, especially for plasterers and tilers, with a range of load weights but most often under 15 pounds. The results of this study provide quantitative evidence that workers in highway tunnel construction operations are exposed to ergonomic factors known to present significant health hazards. Numerous opportunities exist for the development and implementation of ergonomic interventions to protect the health and safety of construction workers. 相似文献
40.
We present a two-dimensional model that describes the concentration profile of a class of previously reported microfluidic
devices which are of particular interest in cellular taxis research. The devices generate stable concentration gradients by
mixing and dividing two or more external inputs into a large number of discrete streams. This study focuses specifically on
modeling the confluence of the discrete streams in a long chamber. We derive a closed-form solution for gradient generators
with any arbitrary number of sampling streams. By relating the physical dimensions to the Péclet number, we create a model
independent of flow rate and therefore dependent only on the specific nature of the boundary condition provided by the upstream
network. As a result, the modeling method we propose may help evaluate the effectiveness of competing gradient generation
schemes. Finally, our analytical work introduces a framework for developing simple design rules of interest to experimentalists
working with these devices.
相似文献
Bryan R. GormanEmail: |