化学试剂水分测量方法研究进展

水分影响化学试剂的质量,因此水分的快速、准确测定是化学试剂分析中共性的关键问题。卡尔·费休滴定法和干燥失重法是常用的两种水分测量方法;气相色谱法、近红外光谱法和微波吸收法等新方法也可用于水分测定。综述了上述测量技术在化学试剂水分中的应用情况,并对其发展趋势进行了展望。     

Random stacking template of polymer spheres and water soluble particles to fabricate porous hydroxyapatite with interconnected pores

Particle stacking simulation is applied in the fabrication of porous hydroxyapatite (HA) ceramics to predict the relationship between the template preparation process and the porosity of porous ceramics. The stacking of multi-diameter spherical particles, such as polymer spheres and NaCl particles, in three-dimensional space is simulated by using continuous generation method. The porosity of porous HA is predicted by calculating the stacking density of large spheres (the ratio of large sphere volume and container volume). The model of three-dimensional random stacking spheres is implemented by using the C++ program. Porous HA ceramics with interconnected spherical pores were fabricated by slipcasting which the use of a polymer template. Templates were produced by randomly stacking polymer spheres and NaCl particles. The arithmetic average error between the porosity of porous HA ceramics and the stacking density of polymer spheres (large spheres) is 3.52%. Simulation results obtained by using the proposed method are consistent with the experimental results.     

Visible photocatalytic activity and photoelectrochemical behavior of TiO2 nanoparticles modified with metal porphyrins containing hydroxyl group

TiO₂ nanoparticles modified with 5-(p-hydroxylphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin (HTPP), 5-(p-hydroxylphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin zinc (ZnHTPP) and trans-dichloro-5-(p-hydroxylphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin tin (SnHTPP) were prepared in order to improve the visible photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ nanoparticles. The photocatalytic activity of the modified TiO₂ nanoparticles was investigated by carrying out the photodegradation of methyl orange in aqueous solution under visible light irradiation. The TiO₂ nanoparticles modified with SnHTPP show the highest visible photocatalytic activity with a degradation ratio of 86% of methyl orange after 180 min irradiation among three catalysts. This result indicates that the central metal ions in porphyrins can significantly influence the sensitization efficiency of porphyrins. In addition, the photoelectrochemical behavior of the modified TiO₂ nanoparticles was examined and related to their photocatalytic activity. Finally, the photocatalytic mechanism was discussed preliminarily.     

化学教学中电子课件的字体图片编辑实用技巧

青年教师在刚开课时需要制作多媒体课件,其素材来源很多,导致在制作课件时经常遇到字体不统一和图片不美观等问题,文章提供了几个修改字体和美观图片的小技巧,如利用宏可以一次性修改好课件中绝大多数文字字体。     

连串式基础有机化学实验教学实践——以2,2’-二丁氧基-1,1’-联萘的合成为例

文章以2,2’-二丁氧基-1,1’-联萘的合成为例,介绍了基础有机化学实验教学中,引入连串式实验教学的概念。该设计提高了对学生基本实验操作技能和规范性的要求,增强了实验考核的客观性和公平性,融入了工程意识的理念,加强了环境保护的意识。     

甲烷的自扩散系数的分子动力学模拟研究

运用分子动力学模拟方法研究了甲烷在较宽温度和压力范围的分子自扩散系数。结果表明,甲烷自扩散系数的模拟值与文献实验值吻合得较好。因此,可以采用分子动力学模拟来代替实验,获得高温高压条件下实验难以测量的甲烷自扩散系数。     

中央空调低磷水处理剂的研究应用

随着近年来水处理药剂的发展和人们对环境要求的不断提高,无磷、低磷药剂的使用逐步受到大家的重视,天津某行政机关中央空调水处理系统原采用磷系药剂进行处理,针对其更换低磷药剂的问题,笔者研制低磷药剂复配配方,通过阻垢、缓蚀、动态实验反复印证配方的可行性,筛选出最佳药剂配方方案,并成功应用于现场,解决的该水处理系统的实际问题。     

半胱氨酸盐酸盐-乙基纤维素微胶囊的制备研究

选用半胱氨酸盐酸盐作为芯材,乙基纤维素作为壁材,采用有机溶剂蒸发技术制备微胶囊。通过单因素实验和正交分析得到最佳实验条件:壁材浓度为1%,海藻酸钠保护液浓度为0.5%,乙酸乙酯做溶剂,油水相比为5∶1,搅拌速度为1000 r/min,时间为2 h时得到的微胶囊的包埋率最高,粒径最小,分布最均匀。     

采油微生物YM4中试发酵培养基配方优化

对一株采油铜绿假单胞菌YM4发酵生产鼠李糖脂的培养基组成及培养条件进行了优化,优化后培养基组成为:糖蜜粉4%,玉米浆0.5%(V/V);最佳培养条件为:500 m L三角瓶装液量为100 m L,接种量10%,初始p H 7.2,35℃,180 r/min摇床培养24 h。在此条件下,发酵液的表面张力可达到28.08 m N/m,界面张力达到10-2 m N/m,比优化前节约原料成本74%。     

羧基配位剂对电镀镍–磷合金的影响

以羧基类物质作配位剂,在A3钢板表面电沉积制备Ni–P合金镀层。镀液基础组成和工艺参数为:NiSO4·6H2O 240 g/L,NiCl2·6H2O 45 g/L,NaH2PO2·H2O 50 g/L,H3BO3 35 g/L,NaF30 g/L,pH 2.0,温度70°C,电流密度2.5 A/dm2,时间20 min。研究了镀液中羧基配位剂含量对Ni–P镀层沉积速率和耐蚀性的影响。结果表明,随羧基配位剂含量增大,沉积速率减小,镀层耐蚀性先改善后变差。其适宜含量为20~30 g/L。羧基配位剂含量为25 g/L时,镀层外观光亮、结合力良好,耐蚀性和耐磨性优于未加配位剂的镀层。镀层的P含量为18.11%,属于高磷非晶态Ni–P镀层。羧基配位剂具有细化镀层晶粒的作用,使镀层表面更为平整、致密。