DIVERGENCIES BETWEEN ATTITUDES TOWARDS LIFE AND DEATH AMONG SUICIDAL, PSYCHOSOMATIC, AND NORMAL HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS.

ATTITUDES TOWARDS LIFE AND DEATH WERE GATHERED FROM SUICIDAL, PSYCHOSOMATIC, AND NORMAL HOSPITALIZED ADULT MALE PATIENTS VIA SEMANTIC DIFFERENTIAL RATINGS OF THE CONCEPTS. THE DATA WERE ANALYZED BY COMPARING THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE RATINGS OF LIFE AND DEATH MADE BY THE 3 GROUPS OF SS ON THE EVALUATIVE, ACTIVITY, AND POTENCY FACTORS OF THE SEMANTIC DIFFERENTIAL. IT WAS FOUND THAT THE GREATEST AMOUNT OF DIVERGENCY BETWEEN THE ATTITUDES ON ALL 3 FACTOR SCORES OCCURRED AMONG THE SUICIDAL SS AS COMPARED TO THE OTHER GROUPS. THE SUICIDAL INDIVIDUAL'S GREATER DIVERGENT ATTITUDES TOWARDS LIFE AND DEATH MAY BE 1 OF THE CONDITIONS THAT MAKES A CHOICE BETWEEN LIFE AND DEATH POSSIBLE. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Chemistry of Uranium in Aluminophosphate Glasses

The U(VI)-U(V)-U(IV) redox equilibria were monitored in two sodium aluminophosphate base compositions at a variety of melt temperatures, imposed oxygen fugacities, and uranium contents. The higher redox states of uranium were quite soluble in the phosphate glasses, whereas U(IV) would readily precipitate from the melts as UO₂. Comparisons of the uranium redox equilibria established in phosphate melts vs those in silicate melts indicated that the coordination sites of the individual uranium species are generally the same in both solvent systems although they differ in detail.     

Thermal Expansion Anisotropy of Oxides and Oxide Solid Solutions

The thermal expansion properties of the oxides stishovite (the rutile form of SiO₂), tetragonal vanadium dioxide, and zincite (ZnO) were measured. Solid solutions of rutile-, corundum-, and zincite-structure oxides were prepared, and the thermal expansion properties were measured in an effort to find compositions with more isotropic thermal expansion coefficients. The changes in the observed lattice constants and the changes expected on the basis of the cation radii were compared for both pure oxides and the oxide solid solutions. The difference in these changes indicates the variations to be expected in the thermal expansion anisotropy. A composition range containing the thermally isotropic composition in the system A1₂O₂,-Cr₂O₃ was determined, and the isotropic composition was estimated to be 75% Al₂O₃-25% Cr₂O₃.     

Effect of ΔT- and Spatially Varying Heat Transfer Coefficient on Thermal Stress Resistance of Brittle Ceramics Measured by the Quenching Method

A study was conducted of the effect of a spatial variation in heat transfer coefficient during forced convection and the effect of temperature dependence of the heat transfer coefficient during free convection on the magnitude of thermal stress encountered during the thermal shock testing of brittle ceramics by the quenching method. For specimens with circular geometry, the results obtained by the finite element method indicate that, depending on the value of the Biot number, a factor of three spatial variation in heat transfer coefficient changes the tensile thermal stresses on cooling by a maximum of about 17% over the value for spatially uniform heat transfer. On heating, the corresponding tensile thermal stresses are lower by a maximum of about 6%. In free convection for a heat transfer coefficient, h , proportional to Δ Ti^1/4 , where Δ T_i is the instantaneous temperature difference between the specimen and quenching medium, the stresses are appreciably less than those for Δ T_i -independent heat transfer for the same initial value of h at the onset of the thermal quench. The validity of the dependence of h on Δ T_i was established experimentally. The relevance of this result to the interpretation of thermal quenching studies is discussed.     

Structural State and Diffusion in a Silicate Glass

Compositional changes in a glass alter both the number of ions that contribute to a diffusion process and their mobilities. The present work comprises an investigation of the diffusional properties of a glass in which composition was maintained but the mobilities of the contributing ions were altered by previous heat treatment of the glass and by the application of hydrostatic pressure. Changes in the self-diffusion of alkali ions, as evidenced by changes in the ac and dc electrical characteristics of the glass, indicated that the activation energy of diffusion depends on the structural state. The entropy and frequency factors, which also play a role in alkali ion self-diffusion, appear, however, to be insensitive to the structural state.     

Phase Separation in Borosilicate Glasses

Dielectric measurements and direct-transmission electron microscopy were used to analyze the phase separation and alteration in sodium borosilicate glasses. Metal impregnation of the glasses after leaching was particularly useful in observing the topology of separated phases whose characteristic dimensions are about 100 A. The results indicate that borosilicate glasses such as Vycor and Pyrex are fully phase separated when rapidly cooled from the melt and that subsequent heat treatment serves only to alter the structural characteristics of the separated phases. The topological characteristics of the initially segregated phases suggest that phase separation may occur by spinodal decomposition.     

Fractography of Glasses Evidencing Liquid-in-Liquid Colloidal Immiscibility

Fine structural detail found in electron micrographs of fracture surfaces of glass evidencing liquid-in-liquid colloidal immiscibility has been analyzed. Tail-like structures emanating from the dispersed phase are related to the crack front propagation and are affected by the relative values of the cohesive strength of the dispersed phase and the adhesive strength between the dispersed phase and the matrix. The fracture surfaces of certain systems evidence depressions but fail to reveal complementary elevations. This apparent anomaly is shown to be the result of moisture attack on the dispersed phase.     

The Relation between Light Fastness of Colorants and their Particle Size

Published evidence relating the rate of fading of a colorant to its physical state in the substrate, and to the photochemical layer effect, is discussed, and a new theoretical Model of light fading is proposed. In this the rate of oxygen diffusion from the atmosphere is considered, first in traversing the polymeric substrate, and then in entering an embedded colorant particle, under illumination. Expressions are derived which show that the rate of fading should vary with I/a² (a = radius of particle), for large particles. As the particles become smaller, the rate tends towards a 1/a dependence, and eventually, with very small particles, it is independent of their size. Recently reported rates of fading of pigments of measured particle size gave results in agreement with the present treatment; the smallest particles thus considered are of the same order of magnitude as those of high light fastness direct dyes in cellulose, as observed by electron microscopy. Thus the model may be applicable to at least some water-soluble dyes as well as pigments.