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81.
Moacir Fernandes Ferreira Júnior Elaine Angélica Ribeiro Mundim Guimes Rodrigues Filho Carla da Silva Meireles Daniel Alves Cerqueira Rosana Maria Nascimento de Assunção Marcos Marcolin Mara Zeni 《Polymer Bulletin》2011,66(3):377-389
Cellulose, obtained both from sugarcane bagasse and mango seeds, was used for synthesizing cellulose acetate in order to produce
asymmetric membranes. These were compared to membranes of commercial cellulose acetate (Rhodia). All produced membranes were
asymmetric, characterized by the presence of a dense skin and a porous support. Differences regarding the morphology of the
surfaces as well as of the porous support can be noticed. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed that the morphology of
the superficial layer, responsible for transport, depends on the different lignin content of the starting material and also
on the viscosity average molecular weight of the cellulose acetates produced from sugarcane bagasse, mango seed, and Rhodia’s
commercial cellulose acetate. 相似文献
82.
Use of coffee by‐products for the cultivation of Pleurotus citrinopileatus and Pleurotus salmoneo‐stramineus and its impact on biological properties of extracts thereof 下载免费PDF全文
Ana C. Freitas Mariana B. Antunes Dina Rodrigues Sérgio Sousa Manuela Amorim Maria F. Barroso Ana Carvalho Sandra M. Ferrador Ana M. Gomes 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2018,53(8):1914-1924
Incorporating spent coffee grounds (SCGs), a by‐product from coffee brewing, in growth substrate of beneficial edible mushrooms is an approach that has to be further studied due to its potential positive outcomes: environmental impact mitigation, production costs reduction and beneficial impact on consumer health. Hence, cultivation of Pleurotus citrinopileatus and Pleurotus salmoneo‐stramineus was tested using SCG which enabled maximum production yield of P. citrinopileatus which was of 25.1% (w/w). Variable antidiabetic potential was observed between aqueous and enzymatic extracts (3.8%–29% inhibition) regardless species and substrates, whereas aqueous extract of P. citrinopileatus grown in substrate without SCG stood out presenting the highest antioxidant activity and inhibition activity of angiotensin I‐converting enzyme (IC50 = 123 μg mL?1). Ethanolic and aqueous extracts of both Pleurotus species grown in the presence or absence of SGC proved to be an interesting prebiotic source for growth of Bifidobacterium animalis Bo in comparison with fructooligosaccharides (FOS). 相似文献
83.
Countercurrent supercritical fluid extraction of grape-spirit 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A procedure for the recovery of aromatic extracts from raw grape-spirit (alcohol strength 73 vol.%) by means of a countercurrent supercritical fluid extraction (CC-SFE) on a pilot plant scale is presented. The effect of the solvent-to-feed ratio at 7, 8, 10, and 20 kgCO2/kgFeed on the extraction of flavor compounds, operating at constant pressure of 100 bar and extraction temperature of 50 °C have been studied. Increasing the solvent-to-feed ratio from 7 to 20 kgCO2/kgFeed, the total volatile compounds yield decreases from 64 to 5% and that of ethanol from 85 to 49%. The highest concentration of volatile compounds has been obtained at 7 and 8 kgCO2/kgFeed solvent-to-feed ratio. Mixtures containing grape-spirit (alcohol strength 40 vol.%) added with 30% (v/v) of different extracts have been tested and judged by a panel. Sensory evaluation indicated as preferred the mixtures added with the extracts obtained at lowest solvent-to-feed ratio. 相似文献
84.
Mucignat-Caretta C 《Journal of chemical ecology》2002,28(9):1853-1863
Male pheromones are believed to attract females and repel male mice in open field tests but, when tested in more complex environments, they can attract male mice in usually avoided areas. Females were tested in an apparatus with one dark and one light side, in the absence or presence of male urine or the major urinary proteins (MUPs) bearing the natural ligands. Diestrous females were slower in leaving from the dark area when male urine or MUPs were present in it. Estrogen-primed females showed the opposite behavior, with an increase in the same latency. The light-avoidance behavior of prepubertal females, or females reared without males was not influenced by the presence of male chemosignals. The results show that adult female mice can react to MUP-borne volatiles as to adult male urine and use them as cues of male mice, if they were previously exposed to male cues during infancy. MUP-borne molecules are, thus, the olfactory trace of males in the environment and modulate mice exploratory behavior. 相似文献
85.
Clinical investigators are increasing their use of quantitative determinations of HIV viral load in their study populations. The distributions of these measures may be highly skewed, left-censored, and with an extra spike below the detection limit of the assay. We recommended use of a mixture model in this situation, with two sets of explanatory covariates. We extend this model to incorporate multiple measures across time, and to employ shared parameters as a way of increasing model efficiency and parsimony. Data from a cohort of HIV-infected men are used to illustrate these features, and simulations are performed to assess the utility of shared parameters. 相似文献
86.
Stefano Messelodi Carla Maria Modena Michele Zanin 《Pattern Analysis & Applications》2005,8(1-2):17-31
The paper presents a real-time vision system to compute traffic parameters by analyzing monocular image sequences coming from pole-mounted video cameras at urban crossroads. The system uses a combination of segmentation and motion information to localize and track moving objects on the road plane, utilizing a robust background updating, and a feature-based tracking method. It is able to describe the path of each detected vehicle, to estimate its speed and to classify it into seven categories. The classification task relies on a model-based matching technique refined by a feature-based one for distinguishing between classes having similar models, like bicycles and motorcycles. The system is flexible with respect to the intersection geometry and the camera position. Experimental results demonstrate robust, real-time vehicle detection, tracking and classification over several hours of videos taken under different illumination conditions. The system is presently under trial in Trento, a 100,000-people town in northern Italy. 相似文献
87.
88.
Chemical signals modulate aggressive behavior in mice. For example, male urinary cues enhance aggression against other adults: a resident mouse attacks a male but not a castrated intruder, unless it is anointed with male urine. Our purpose was to understand whether molecules excreted with urine also act as aggression triggers in a different context. Therefore, the effect of urine, or molecules purified from urine, voided by different animals (males or females), was tested on the aggression of male mice against pups. Latency to the first attack, percentage of pups receiving the first attack, and percentage of attacked pups after 5 and 15 min were recorded. At variance with intermale aggression, male urinary chemosignals sprayed on pups reduced infanticide, while female urine did not. Male urine also delayed infanticide when compared to female urine. Pups anointed with low molecular weight dialyzed urine and with the high molecular weight protein fraction were attacked later than controls. Pups anointed with Major Urinary Proteins (MUPs) also were attacked later. The volatiles retained by MUPs act in the same way as adult male urine. MUPs and their ligands did not modify biting of food items. The results show that mice do not perceive male chemosignals as compulsory aggression triggers but rather can consistently and differentially shape their behavior in response to the same molecules according to different contextual events. 相似文献
89.
Identification of potent human anti-IL-1RI antagonist antibodies 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Fredericks ZL Forte C Capuano IV Zhou H Vanden Bos T Carter P 《Protein engineering, design & selection : PEDS》2004,17(1):95-106
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) blockade by IL-1 receptor antagonist benefits some arthritis patients by reducing joint damage. This fact inspired us to develop antagonist human therapeutic antibodies against IL-1R(I) using phage libraries that display single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody fragments. Panning libraries against human IL-1R(I) generated 39 unique scFv-phage whose binding to IL-1R(I) was competed by IL-1 ligands. Fifteen of these scFv-phage, identified using IL-1R(I)-binding assays and dissociation rate ranking, were reformatted as scFv-Fc and IgG(4) molecules. The ease of producing antibodies in the scFv-Fc format permitted rapid identification of four lead clones (C10, C13, C14, C15) that inhibit NF-kappaB nuclear translocation induced by IL-1. Reformatting these clones as IgG(4) molecules increased their inhibition potency by =24-fold. C10 IgG(4) is the most potent antagonist of IL-1alpha (26 nM IC(50)) and IL-1beta (18 nM IC(50)) in the NF-kappaB bioassay, although less potent than IL-1ra ( approximately 0.4 nM IC(50)). C10 is the highest affinity clone for human IL-1R(I) (K(D) approximately 60 nM). Flow cytometry indicates that several lead clones bind cell-surface cynomolgus or murine IL-1R(I), characteristics advantageous for preclinical toxicology and efficacy studies. This study demonstrates the utility of scFv-Fc fusion proteins for rapid screening of clones derived from phage libraries to identify antibody leads with therapeutic potential. 相似文献
90.
We present C2 quasi-interpolating schemes with tension properties. The B-splines like functions used in the quasi-interpolanting schemes are parametric cubic curves and their shape can be easily controlled via tension parameters which have an immediate geometric interpretation. Applications to the problem of approximation of curves with shape-constraints are discussed. 相似文献