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排序方式: 共有141条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
Thew Sarah Sutcliffe Alistair Procter Rob de Bruijn Oscar McNaught John Venters Colin C. Buchan Iain 《Software, IEEE》2009,26(1):80-87
The Advises (Adaptive Visualization of E-science) project is developing tools to support geographic visualization in epidemiology and public-health decision making. In this project, a user-centered requirements process focuses on the research questions epidemiologists ask, the language they use, and the tacit knowledge employed in reasoning about epidemiological data. Combining a range of requirements-gathering techniques provides considerable advantages. 相似文献
82.
Enhanced sensitivity to information of negative (compared to positive) valence has an adaptive value, for example, by expediting the correct choice of avoidance behavior. However, previous evidence for such enhanced sensitivity has been inconclusive. Here we report a clear advantage for negative over positive words in categorizing them as emotional. In 3 experiments, participants classified briefly presented (33 ms or 22 ms) masked words as emotional or neutral. Categorization accuracy and valence-detection sensitivity were both higher for negative than for positive words. The results were not due to differences between emotion categories in either lexical frequency, extremeness of valence ratings, or arousal. These results conclusively establish enhanced sensitivity for negative over positive words, supporting the hypothesis that negative stimuli enjoy preferential access to perceptual processing. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
83.
Carmel C. Wills Giulia Zampacavallo Bianca-Maria Poli Marlene R.M. Proctor & Gary T.M. Henehan 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2006,41(4):395-398
This study examined the use of nitrogen gas for stunning of Rainbow Trout. It was found that nitrogen could be used as an effective stunning method and that the strong aversive reaction reported for carbon dioxide stunning was not observed. Measurement of ATP, its metabolites and pH were carried out to evaluate the effects of nitrogen stunning on post mortem muscle biochemistry. This treatment was compared to percussive stunning and air asphyxiation. Post mortem ATP levels in nitrogen stunned fish (1.96 ± 0.36 μmol g?1) were significantly higher than for asphyxiated fish (0.2 ± 0.11 μmol g?1) but lower than values for percussively stunned fish (5.9 ± 0.89 μmol g?1). This work indicates that the use of gasses other than carbon dioxide for stunning of fish deserves further study. 相似文献
84.
The syndrome of aseptic meningitis is characterized by spiking fever and meningismus. CSF analysis generally shows increased pleocytosis, hypoglycorrhachia, elevated protein and negative cultures. In an earlier series, 70% of children with posterior fossa operations developed the syndrome. In a new review the incidence was slightly more than 30%. The incidence of aseptic meningitis following operation for structural lesions was 44%, which was higher than the tumor group, where the meningitic syndrome was seen in 25% of the children. It is the purpose of this paper to reexamine the impact that steroids have made on the prevalence of the aseptic meningitis syndrome, and to review recent studies that have attempted to distinguish between aseptic and bacterial meningitis. 相似文献
85.
86.
Preference-Based Constrained Optimization with CP-Nets 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Craig Boutilier Ronen I. Brafman Carmel Domshlak Holger H. Hoos David Poole 《Computational Intelligence》2004,20(2):137-157
Many artificial intelligence (AI) tasks, such as product configuration, decision support, and the construction of autonomous agents, involve a process of constrained optimization, that is, optimization of behavior or choices subject to given constraints. In this paper we present an approach for constrained optimization based on a set of hard constraints and a preference ordering represented using a CP-network—a graphical model for representing qualitative preference information. This approach offers both pragmatic and computational advantages. First, it provides a convenient and intuitive tool for specifying the problem, and in particular, the decision maker's preferences. Second, it admits an algorithm for finding the most preferred feasible (Pareto-optimal) outcomes that has the following anytime property: the set of preferred feasible outcomes are enumerated without backtracking. In particular, the first feasible solution generated by this algorithm is Pareto optimal. 相似文献
87.
Using an interview procedure, levels of interpersonal understanding were assessed for 17 behaviorally and emotionally disturbed boys and were compared longitudinally, across 3 assessments at 2- and 4-yr intervals, with those of 17 better-adjusted male peers matched for age, race, SES, and WISC-R IQ. Ss were in Grades 1–6 at Time 1, 3–8 at Time 2, and 7–22 at Time 3. Results suggest that the sequence of progression through levels of interpersonal understanding was the same for both disturbed and normal samples but that the developmental trend of trouble Ss lagged behind that of the higher-functioning group. However, longitudinal follow-up results suggest that the developmental lag of the disturbed Ss was diminishing with time. An exploratory study conducted during Time 3 suggested that relatively low levels of interpersonal understanding were related to the self-reported use of physical and avoidant strategies to resolve conflicts. Results are considered in the context of theoretical relations between thought and action. (23 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
88.
89.
Robust linear dimensionality reduction 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We present a novel family of data-driven linear transformations, aimed at finding low-dimensional embeddings of multivariate data, in a way that optimally preserves the structure of the data. The well-studied PCA and Fisher's LDA are shown to be special members in this family of transformations, and we demonstrate how to generalize these two methods such as to enhance their performance. Furthermore, our technique is the only one, to the best of our knowledge, that reflects in the resulting embedding both the data coordinates and pairwise relationships between the data elements. Even more so, when information on the clustering (labeling) decomposition of the data is known, this information can also be integrated in the linear transformation, resulting in embeddings that clearly show the separation between the clusters, as well as their internal structure. All of this makes our technique very flexible and powerful, and lets us cope with kinds of data that other techniques fail to describe properly. 相似文献
90.
We consider the problem of modeling and reasoning about statements of ordinal preferences expressed by a user, such as monadic
statement like “X is good,” dyadic statements like “X is better than Y,” etc. Such qualitative statements may be explicitly
expressed by the user, or may be inferred from observable user behavior. This paper presents a novel technique for efficient
reasoning about sets of such preference statements in a semantically rigorous manner. Specifically, we propose a novel approach
for generating an ordinal utility function from a set of qualitative preference statements, drawing upon techniques from knowledge
representation and machine learning. We provide theoretical evidence that the new method provides an efficient and expressive
tool for reasoning about ordinal user preferences. Empirical results further confirm that the new method is effective on real-world
data, making it promising for a wide spectrum of applications that require modeling and reasoning about user preferences. 相似文献