A methodology to design the link cost functions for impairment aware routing algorithms in optical networks

We propose a methodology to design the link cost function and, consequently, a systematic form to design a RWA algorithm. We call this methodology link cost function design (LCFD) and it consists of four steps: The choice of the link cost function input variables, the expansion of the cost function in terms of a series, the selection of an overall network performance indicator as the optimization target, and finally, the execution of an optimization process to find the series coefficients that optimize the network performance indicator based on off-line network simulations. The optimization process is performed by a computational intelligence technique, the particle swarm optimization. The proposed methodology (LCFD) is used to design an adaptive IA-RWA algorithm, which we call Power Series Routing (PSR). The effectiveness of both methodology and IA-RWA algorithm is investigated. The PSR is compared with other algorithms found in the literature by means of computational simulations and our proposal presented lower blocking probabilities with shorter computation time. Furthermore, we investigate the sensitivity and the ability of the proposed PSR to adapt itself to topological changes in the network due to both link/node addition/failure. We also investigate the behavior of the PSR in a scenario where the traffic load distribution is randomly chosen (non-uniform traffic), and we compared it to other three routing algorithms.     

Scintillation properties of Pr3+-doped lutetium and yttrium aluminum garnets: Comparison with Ce3+-doped ones

Scintillation properties of Pr³⁺-doped LuAG and YAG crystals were investigated and compared with those of Ce³⁺-doped ones. The highest L.Y.’s were observed with the longest shaping time 10 μs. They can reach up to ～16,000 ph/MeV or ～23,500 ph/MeV for LuAG:Pr and LuAG:Ce, respectively. Energy resolutions (FWHM) are a bit better with LuAG:Pr than those of LuAG:Ce, e.g. at 662 keV FWHM are around 6% and between 8–12%, respectively. There were observed no large changes in proportionality of Pr³⁺- or Ce³⁺-doped LuAG or YAG crystals but the best proportionality has YAP:Ce crystal. Pr³⁺- or Ce³⁺-doped LuAG crystals exhibit slow decay components in the time range 1.5–3.5 μs while those of YAG ones have shorter decay components between 0.3–1.7 μs.     

Properties of human hemoglobins with increased polarity in the alpha- or beta-heme pocket. Carbonmonoxy derivatives

The spectroscopic, conformational, and functional properties of mutant carbonmonoxy hemoglobins in which either the beta-globin Val67(E11) or the alpha-globin Val62(E11) is replaced by threonine have been investigated. The thermal evolution of the Soret absorption band and the stretching frequency of the bound CO were used to probe the stereodynamic properties of the heme pocket. The functional properties were investigated by kinetic measurements. The spectroscopic and functional data were related to the conformational properties through molecular analysis. The effects of this nonpolar-to-polar isosteric mutation are: (i) increase of heme pocket anharmonic motions, (ii) stabilization of the A0 conformer in the IR spectrum, (iii) increased CO dissociation rates. The spectroscopic data indicate that for the carbonmonoxy derivatives, the Val --> Thr mutation has a larger conformational effect on the beta-subunits than on the alpha-subunits. This is at variance with the deoxy derivatives where the conformational modification was larger in the heme pocket of the alpha-subunit (Cupane, A., Leone, M., Militello, V., Friedman, R. K., Koley, A. P., Vasquez, G. P., Brinigar, W. S., Karavitis, M., and Fronticelli, C. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 26271-26278). These effects are attributed to a different electrostatic interaction between Ogamma of Thr(E11) and the bound CO molecule. Molecular analysis indicates a more favorable interaction of the bound CO with Thr Ogamma in the beta-subunit heme pocket.     

Nanometric bimetallic sulfides prepared via thermal decomposition of Ni and Fe heteropolymolybdate emulsions

NiMo and FeMo nanometric particles were prepared by thermal decomposition of water in oil emulsions, where the aqueous phase was a solution of iron or nickel heteropolymolybdates. Decomposition experiments were carried out at 573 K and 70 Bar of hydrogen, with carbon disulfide added to the emulsions. Solids were characterized by X ray diffraction, confocal microscopy and BET surface area. Thiophene hydrodesulfurization was performed in a continuous flow microreactor at 553 K and 1.0 Bar. Particles with diameters between 370 and 560 nm were obtained, and thiophene HDS was in the order NiMoS > MoS ≈ FeMoS > NiS > FeS. The feasibility of using thermal decomposition of emulsions to obtain nanometric bimetallic sulfides particles was shown.     

新的大功率音频开关家族在合弦音乐振铃智能电话中实现高保真立体声信号开关功能

亚微米技术运用标准传输门单元 (经常出现在电子方法文献中)方法,为先进的具有悦耳铃声的新型移动电话平台提供了适合的功率控制性能。新型移动电话等电池供电设备的微控制器必须始终保持较低的功耗,必须始终需要较低的电源电压;其它半导体设备,如功率放大器和彩屏控制器,即使电源电压更高,也必须具有适当的与微控制器相一致的控制水平。     

Analysis of sugar acids by capillary electrophoresis with indirect UV detection. Application to samples of must and wine.

A study has been conducted of the separation of sugar acids (gluconic, galacturonic and glucuronic acids) by capillary electrophoresis using indirect UV detection. We have tested various background electrolytes: p-hydroxibenzoic acid, sorbic acid, potassium hydrogen phthalate, protocatechuic acid, !-resorcylic acid and #-resorcylic acid. The choice between these electrolytes was made on the basis of studies of electrophoretic mobility and absorbance values at the wavelengths of our CE system. Of all the electrolytes tested, it was found that #-resorcylic acid best met the required characteristics. The best separation of the three acid was achieved with a time of 8 min, for an electrolyte consisting of 5 mM #-resorcylic acid, 1 mM TTAOH (pH 3.0), indirect detection at 214 nm, -20 kV of run voltage and capillary of 60 cm length and 75 µm i.d. It was found that the proposed method is applicable to samples of both must and wine, and that the samples do not require any prior treatment apart from centrifugation (only in the case of must), filtration and dilution in suitable proportion.     

Optimal designs with respect to Elfving's partial minimax criterion for heteroscedastic polynomial regression

In this paper we consider optimal desings relating to Elfving's partial minimax criterion for a polynomial regression model with a known heteroscedastic structure. Sufficient conditions are found under which, an optimal design for an individual parameter, is also minimax optimal for a subset of parameters that includes the former.     

Hygrothermal and mechanical model of concrete at high temperature

A computational model allowing for the thermohygrometric and mechanical analysis of concrete structures at high temperature by means of the finite element method is presented. The model includes creep coupled with damage and related cross-effects due to hygrothermal behaviour. A comparison between experimental tests performed by Bažantet al. on concrete cylinders at high temperature and the numerical results obtained from the model presented are shown.

---

Résumé On présente un modèle pour l’analyse thermohygrométrique et mécanique des structures en béton à haute température au moyen de la méthode des éléments finis. Ce modèle inclut le fluage associé à l’endommagement et les effets reliés au comportement hygrothermique. On présente une comparaison entre des résultats des essais réalisés par Bažantet al. sur des cylindres en béton à haute température et les résultats numériques obtenus du modèle.

---

---

Editorial Note Dr. Carmelo Majorana is a RILEM Senior Member and a corresponding member of TC 114-CCS on Computer Programmes for Creep and Shrinkage Prediction. Prof. Bernhard Schrefler is a RILEM Senior Member.     

Crystal structure solution via precession electron diffraction data: the BEA algorithm

The statistical features of the amplitudes obtained via precession electron diffraction have been studied, with particular concern with their effects on direct phasing procedures. A new algorithm, denoted by BEA, is described: according to it, the average amplitude of the symmetry equivalent reflections is used in the Direct Methods step. Once an even imperfect structural model is available, the best amplitude among the equivalent reflections is used to improve the model. It is shown that BEA is able to provide more complete structural models, to make the phasing process more straightforward and to end with crystallographic residual much better than those usually obtained by electron diffraction.