Mediators of the Relation Between Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Child Internalizing and Disruptive Behavior Disorders.

[Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol 18(1) of Journal of Family Psychology (see record 2007-16896-001). On page 551, in Table 2, two values are listed incorrectly. In row 17, Early Child Externalizing (K, Grade 2), the correlation coefficients in columns 4 and 5 should be transposed to read -.087 in column 4 (People in My Life Communication) and -.208 in column 5 (Inventory of Parent Experiences Community Support).] Drawing on a normative sample of 224 youth and their biological mothers, this study tested 4 family variables as potential mediators of the relationship between maternal depressive symptoms in early childhood and child psychological outcomes in preadolescence. The mediators examined included mother-child communication, the quality of the mother-child relationship, maternal social support, and stressful life events in the family. The most parsimonious structural equation model suggested that having a more problematic mother-child relationship mediated disruptive behavior-disordered outcomes for youths, whereas less maternal social support mediated the development of internalizing disorders. Gender and race were tested as moderators, but significant model differences did not emerge between boys and girls or between African American and Caucasian youths. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Recommendations for working with domestic violence survivors, with special attention to memory issues and posttraumatic processes.

This article proposes principles for working effectively with survivors of domestic violence. Recommendations are based on a review of the available literature and organized within the following sections: therapist competence, therapeutic framework and relationship, assessment and diagnosis, the structure of the treatment process and relationship, interventions for dealing with posttraumatic reactions, and group interventions. The relevance of the delayed memory debate for domestic violence survivors is also discussed. The complexity of battering dynamics and the need for sensitive, competent treatment of victims are emphasized. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Editorial

Higher-Order and Symbolic Computation -     

Lipase G-Catalyzed synthesis of monoglycerides in organic solvent and analysis by HPLC

Monoglycerides were synthesized with Lipase G fromPenicillium sp. as biocatalyst. This enzyme successfully catalyzed the esterification of glycerol with oleic acid (18:1 n-9) or eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA (20:5 n-3) in hexane. Esterification at 40°C for 24 hr resulted in 86.3 mol% and 64.3 mol% incorporation of 18:1 n-9 and 20:5 n-3, respectively. Lipase GC fromGeotrichum candidum was not effective in esterifying the fatty acids under the present experimental conditions. Lipase G was able to incorporate 98.5 mol% and 98.1 mol% of 18:1 n-9 onto glycerol in 24 hr or less at 25°C and 37°C, respectively, in the absence of molecular sieve 4A. The product formed was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a combined evaporative light scattering mass detector (ELSD) and ultraviolet detection at 206 nm. The result of this study demonstrates that Lipase G is capable of incorporating long-chain fatty acids of potential health benefit onto glycerol.     

Dissociations in infant memory: Rethinking the development of implicit and explicit memory.

Extending the Jacksonian principle of the hierarchical development and dissolution of function to the development and dissolution of memory, researchers have concluded that implicit (procedural) memory is a primitive system, functional shortly after birth, that processes information automatically, whereas explicit (declarative) memory matures late in the 1st year and mediates the conscious recollection of a prior event. Support for a developmental hierarchy has only been inferred from the memory performance of adults with amnesia on priming and recognition-recall tests in response to manipulations of different independent variables. This article reviews evidence that very young infants exhibit memory dissociations like those exhibited by adults with normal memory on analogous memory tests in response to manipulations of the same independent variables. These data demonstrate that implicit and explicit memory follow the same developmental timetable and challenge the utility of conscious recollection as the defining characteristic of explicit memory. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Activating response codes by stimuli in the neglected visual field.

The ability of 2 patients with a clinical deficit of extinction to process stimuli presented contralaterally to their lesions was tested with 2 variants of the flanker task. The patients saw 2 colored stimuli, 1 of which appeared in the center of the visual field and the other either on the ipsior contralateral side. In the peripheral report task, the patients had to report the color of the peripheral stimulus. In the center report task, the patients had to report the color of the central stimulus. The patients were much slower in the peripheral report task when the target was presented contralaterally to their lesion. By contrast, the responses in the center report task were equally influenced by ipsi- and contralateral flankers. The findings indicate that the patients were not impaired in the perceptual processing or the activation of response codes for contralateral stimuli. Their impairment is related to processes needed for generation of overt responses. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Role taking and self-image disparity in children.

Related the development of the self-concept to L. Kohlberg's (1969) and G. M. Meade's (1934) theories on the importance of role taking, language, and the generalized other. 68 4th, 5th, and 6th graders were administered a role-taking task, a communication task, a self-image questionnaire, and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. Results indicate that nonegocentric Ss had more positive ideal self-images and a greater disparity between real and ideal self-image than egocentric Ss. Referential communication was not related to any of these self-image measures or to role taking. Findings are interpreted as supporting a cognitive/developmental theory of the self-concept as the elaboration of the ideal self-image and differentiation of the self-concept through the process of taking the role of others toward the self. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Blood donation and the foot-in-the-door technique: A limiting case.

Three experiments with a total of 211 undergraduates tested the effectiveness of the foot-in-the-door technique for recruiting blood donors. Exp I attempted to demonstrate that an earlier failure of this technique was due to poor operationalization rather than to the magnitude of the critical request or to the invalidity of the phenomenon, but it failed to do so. Exp II, designed to more closely resemble other foot-in-the-door studies by using telephone contacts and an initial request for persons to answer questions, was conducted to examine other possible explanations for the 2 previous failures. This experiment also failed to show any foot-in-the-door effect. Exp III was a conceptual replication of Exp II, but used personal contacts. One apparent foot-in-the-door effect emerged in this case, but it was more likely due to a factor other than the experimental treatment. It is concluded that although the foot-in-the-door procedure may influence verbal compliance with requests for minimal forms of aid, it probably will not significantly affect people's willingness to comply with more substantial requests involving behaviors that are psychologically costly. (20 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Cocaine-induced effects on isolation stress in neonatal rats.

The effects of cocaine administration on isolation-induced vocalizations and activity levels in 10-day-old rat pups were examined. Day 10 pups given cocaine (1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg ip) vocalized significantly less than their caffeine- (10 mg/kg) and saline-administered siblings during a 5-min isolation period. Cocaine- and caffeine-administered pups also demonstrated a significant increase in overall activity compared with controls. In addition, ip administration of the dopamine antagonist haloperidol (0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg) before 1.25 and 2.5 mg/kg cocaine produced a significant elevation in vocalizations compared with saline pretreatment, which indicates a blocking of cocaine's effect on calling behavior. These results suggest that the endogenous dopamine system involved with reinforcement and reward may quell the stress of isolation in the infant rat. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)