Social network,social trust and shared goals in organizational knowledge sharing

The aim of our study was to further develop an understanding of social capital in organizational-knowledge-sharing. We first developed a measurement tool and then a theoretical framework in which three social capital factors (social network, social trust, and shared goals) were combined with the theory of reasoned action; their relationships were then examined using confirmatory factoring analysis. We then surveyed of 190 managers from Hong Kong firms, we confirm that a social network and shared goals significantly contributed to a person's volition to share knowledge, and directly contributed to the perceived social pressure of the organization. The social trust has however showed no direct effect on the attitude and subjective norm of sharing knowledge.     

A Randomized Algorithm for Online Unit Clustering

In this paper, we consider the online version of the following problem: partition a set of input points into subsets, each enclosable by a unit ball, so as to minimize the number of subsets used. In the one-dimensional case, we show that surprisingly the naïve upper bound of 2 on the competitive ratio can be beaten: we present a new randomized 15/8-competitive online algorithm. We also provide some lower bounds and an extension to higher dimensions.     

Health of female shiftworkers in Singapore

More than 200,000 persons in Singapore work shifts. Over half of these shiftworkers are females. With the continued emphasis on capital-intensive industries and growing demand for "round-the-clock" services, shiftwork is increasingly an economic necessity for more and more industries and a way of life for many Singaporeans. It is generally accepted that about 20% of those who start shiftwork may find it difficult to continue in such work, usually for social rather than medical reasons. For those who continue on shiftwork, concerns have been raised regarding possible health effects, such as increased incidence of digestive disorders and ulcers, chronic fatigue and cardiovascular disorders. In the case of female shiftworkers, there is also the concern that the added responsibilities of looking after the home and young children may further aggravate sleep problems associated with shiftwork, thus adversely affecting their health. So far, our own studies of female electronics workers on 8-hour as well as 12-hour shift schedules indicate no serious long-term health effects. The study subjects had been employed in such work for at least over a year, some as long as 17 years and 6 years, respectively. Except for complaints of sleep problems and tiredness among some rotating shiftworkers, no significant differences in symptom prevalence, blood pressure or sickness absence were found between the shift and day workers. While the findings are reassuring, further studies may be needed to determine if preventive measures can be taken to minimise the common complaints of sleep problems and tiredness, particularly among rotating shiftworkers.     

Using attention LSGB network for facial expression recognition

Pattern Analysis and Applications - Both the multiple sources of the available in-the-wild datasets and noisy information of images lead to huge challenges for discriminating subtle distinctions...     

Open Innovation and Team Leaders’ Innovation Traits

Open innovation has transformed internal novel resource allocation and facilitated diverse interorganizational cooperation models. Previous studies have investigated open innovation archetypes and their formation. However, most researchers have neglected the crucial role that team leaders play in integrating internal and external resources and connecting creative ideas in open innovation. This study investigated the influence of open innovation archetypes and team leaders’ innovation traits on team performance. On the basis of the literature review, the analytical hierarchy process was applied to construct a framework for assessing and selecting team leaders in open innovation. The analysis was completed based on samples from 45 valid respondents (88% return rate) in Taiwan’s high-tech industry. The study results suggested that innovation knowledge is the most crucial innovation criterion for a leader, particularly core knowledge and advanced knowledge. Among the various sub-criteria, extrinsic motivation was the second most important sub-criterion. Leaders with strong innovation motivations are suitable to lead inbound open innovation projects.     

Hyperprolactinemia in end‐stage renal disease and effects of frequent hemodialysis

Introduction: End‐stage renal disease is associated with elevations in circulating prolactin concentrations, but the association of prolactin concentrations with intermediate health outcomes and the effects of hemodialysis frequency on changes in serum prolactin have not been examined. Methods: The FHN Daily and Nocturnal Dialysis Trials compared the effects of conventional thrice weekly hemodialysis with in‐center daily hemodialysis (6 days/week) and nocturnal home hemodialysis (6 nights/week) over 12 months and obtained measures of health‐related quality of life, self‐reported physical function, mental health and cognition. Serum prolactin concentrations were measured at baseline and 12‐month follow‐up in 70% of the FHN Trial cohort to examine the associations among serum prolactin concentrations and physical, mental and cognitive function and the effects of hemodialysis frequency on serum prolactin. Findings: Among 177 Daily Trial and 60 Nocturnal Trial participants with baseline serum prolactin measurements, the median serum prolactin concentration was 65 ng/mL (25th–75th percentile 48–195 ng/mL) and 81% had serum prolactin concentrations >30 ng/mL. While serum prolactin was associated with sex (higher in women), we observed no association between baseline serum prolactin and age, dialysis vintage, and baseline measures of physical, mental and cognitive function. Furthermore, there was no significant effect of hemodialysis frequency on serum prolactin in either of the two trials. Discussion: Serum prolactin concentrations were elevated in the large majority of patients with ESRD, but were not associated with several measures of health status. Circulating prolactin levels also do not appear to decrease in response to more frequent hemodialysis over a one‐year period.     

Simultaneous Imaging of Endogenous Survivin mRNA and On‐Demand Drug Release in Live Cells by Using a Mesoporous Silica Nanoquencher

The design of multifunctional drug delivery systems capable of simultaneous target detection, imaging, and therapeutics in live mammalian cells is critical for biomedical research. In this study, by using mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) chemically modified with a small‐molecule dark quencher, followed by sequential drug encapsulation, MSN capping with a dye‐labeled antisense oligonucleotide, and bioorthogonal surface modification with cell‐penetrating poly(disulfide)s, the authors have successfully developed the first mesoporous silica nanoquencher (qMSN), characterized by high drug‐loading and endocytosis‐independent cell uptake, which is able to quantitatively image endogenous survivin mRNA and release the loaded drug in a manner that depends on the survivin expression level in tumor cells. The authors further show that this novel drug delivery system may be used to minimize potential cytotoxicity encountered by many existing small‐molecule drugs in cancer therapy.     

Rational Design and Synthesis of Extremely Efficient Macroporous CoSe2–CNT Composite Microspheres for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Uniquely structured CoSe₂–carbon nanotube (CNT) composite microspheres with optimized morphology for the hydrogen‐evolution reaction (HER) are prepared by spray pyrolysis and subsequent selenization. The ultrafine CoSe₂ nanocrystals uniformly decorate the entire macroporous CNT backbone in CoSe₂–CNT composite microspheres. The macroporous CNT backbone strongly improves the electrocatalytic activity of CoSe₂ by improving the electrical conductivity and minimizing the growth of CoSe₂ nanocrystals during the synthesis process. In addition, the macroporous structure resulting from the CNT backbone improves the electrocatalytic activity of the CoSe₂–CNT microspheres by increasing the removal rate of generated H₂ and minimizing the polarization of the electrode during HER. The CoSe₂–CNT composite microspheres demonstrate excellent catalytic activity for HER in an acidic medium (10 mA cm^?2 at an overpotential of ≈174 mV). The bare CoSe₂ powders exhibit moderate HER activity, with an overpotential of 226 mV at 10 mA cm^?2. The Tafel slopes for the CoSe₂–CNT composite and bare CoSe₂ powders are 37.8 and 58.9 mV dec^?1, respectively. The CoSe₂–CNT composite microspheres have a slightly larger Tafel slope than that of commercial carbon‐supported platinum nanoparticles, which is 30.2 mV dec^–1.     

Carbon Nanodot‐Sensitized Modulation of Alzheimer's β‐Amyloid Self‐Assembly,Disassembly, and Toxicity

The self‐assembly of amyloidogenic peptides into β‐sheet‐rich aggregates is a general feature of many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, which signifies the need for the effective attenuation of amyloid aggregation toward alleviating amyloid‐associated neurotoxicity. This study reports that photoluminescent carbon nanodots (CDs) can effectively suppress Alzheimer's β‐amyloid (Aβ) self‐assembly and function as a β‐sheet breaker disintegrating preformed Aβ aggregates. This study synthesizes CDs using ammonium citrate through one‐pot hydrothermal treatment and passivates their surface with branched polyethylenimine (bPEI). The bPEI‐coated CDs (bPEI@CDs) exhibit hydrophilic and cationic surface characteristics, which interact with the negatively charged residues of Aβ peptides, suppressing the aggregation of Aβ peptides. Under light illumination, bPEI@CDs display a more pronounced effect on Aβ aggregation and on the dissociation of β‐sheet‐rich assemblies through the generation of reactive oxygen species from photoactivated bPEI@CDs. The light‐triggered attenuation effect of Aβ aggregation using a series of experiments, including photochemical and microscopic analysis, is verified. Furthermore, the cell viability test confirms the ability of photoactivated bPEI@CDs for the suppression of Aβ‐mediated cytotoxicity, indicating bPEI@CDs' potency as an effective anti‐Aβ neurotoxin agent.