A study on optimum insulation thicknesses of external walls in hot summer and cold winter zone of China

The employ of thermal insulation is one of the most effective ways of building energy conservation for cooling and heating. Therefore, the selection of a proper insulation material and the determination of optimum insulation thickness are particularly vital. Four typical cities of Shanghai, Changsha, Shaoguan and Chengdu are selected to represent A, B, C and D subzone of hot summer and cold winter zone in China, respectively. The optimum thicknesses of five insulation materials including expanded polystyrene, extruded polystyrene, foamed polyurethane, perlite and foamed polyvinyl chloride are calculated with a typical residential wall using solar-air cooling and heating degree-days analysis and P₁–P₂ economic model. And then, life cycle total costs, life cycle savings and payback periods are calculated based on life cycle cost analysis. Considering different orientations, surface colors, insulation materials and climates, optimum thicknesses of the five insulations vary from 0.053 to 0.236 m, and the payback periods vary from 1.9 to 4.7 years over a lifetime of 20 years. The maximum life cycle savings are 54.4 $/m² in Shanghai, 54.8 $/m² in Changsha and 41.5 $/m² in Shaoguan (with a deep-colored northeast wall), and 39.0 $/m² in Chengdu (with a light-colored northwest wall). Finally, an approach to analyze economical efficiency of insulation materials is developed, result shows that expanded polystyrene is the most economic insulation material of the five because of the highest life cycle saving and lowest payback period.     

冶金斜齿轮减速器的动态仿真研究

建立了圆柱斜齿轮的六自由度动力学分析模型,通过变量代替推导了无量纲化后的方程,然后采用Runge-Kutta法进行数值求解,在matlab中求解得到了振动位移曲线、振动速度曲线和相平面图。通过分析证明了此动力学模型是正确的。此研究为降低系统振动噪声、提高动态性能提供了理论基础。     

提高转炉散状料称量准确度的实践

本文介绍了三钢炼钢厂散状料称量系统的构成,着重阐述了称重传感器的安装形式和利用PLC联锁延时保护对提高称量准确度的意义.     

饱和脂肪酸的抗癌作用及其机制研究进展北大核心CSCD

饮食中的饱和脂肪酸通常与人体健康的负面影响相关,然而有关各种饱和脂肪酸的生理效应、生物功能等研究结果存在一定的争议。综述了饱和脂肪酸的可能抗癌作用及作用机制,以期为癌症的辅助治疗提供一定的参考。目前对短链饱和脂肪酸、中链饱和脂肪酸、奇数链饱和脂肪酸、支链饱和脂肪酸抗癌作用的报道较多,饱和脂肪酸主要通过阻滞细胞周期、诱导细胞凋亡、抑制细胞迁移和调控细胞生长相关的信号通路,或通过影响相关基因的表达和转录因子的磷酸化水平来发挥抗癌作用。     

基于FPGA的多源异构数据并行可配置采集方法

数据是支撑智能制造的关键要素,对生产各阶段数据的有效采集是实现"人—机—物—环境"制造全要素互联互通的基础.随着制造升级发展,车间不断引入来自不同厂家,具有不同协议、不同接口的设备,使得待采集数据多源异构且采集需求不断变化.传统数据采集设备难以并行采集多源异构数据、难以根据采集需求的动态变化对采集设备动态配置,因此提出...     

基于主成分分析的装备保障能力薄弱环节模型研究

针对如何确定装备保障能力薄弱环节,进而提高装备保障能力,在分析保障系统,建立保障能力评估指标体系的基础上,运用主成分分析法求各指标共同度确定权重,并建立保障能力评估模型进行评估。提出指标薄弱度和指标裕度空间的概念,通过计算各指标薄弱度来确定薄弱环节,改变以往只依靠指标权重来确定保障能力薄弱环节的状况。结合实例运用Matlab软件仿真模型,计算各单位保障能力薄弱度,得出指标改进的优先排序。实践证明,所采用的方法能够合理配置资源,进而能快速、有效提高部队保障能力。     

火山活动影响下的碱湖优质烃源岩成因及其对页岩油气勘探和开发的启示

为明确火山活动控制陆相含油气盆地优质烃源岩发育的作用机制,对古今火山、碱湖以及优质烃源岩这三者的相互联系进行广泛的文献调研,认为碱湖是联系火山活动与优质烃源岩发育的中间场所。火山活动喷发的CO2进入热液、地下水或河流中,加速硅酸盐水解,产生大量HCO3-,输入湖泊中导致水体pH值升高,形成碱湖。而碱湖中高pH值可以活化Mo、磷酸盐和硅酸盐等多种营养元素和化合物,提高水体的初级生产力;同时也可以使硅质在水体中的溶解度呈指数增大,这种溶解的硅质在有机质初始降解等pH值降低过程中易发生沉淀,形成硅质保护层,避免有机质的进一步降解。由此提出火山活动-碱湖-优质烃源岩的成因链模式,该模式形成的页岩油气储集层微晶白云石等矿物含量高,凝灰物质易发生蒙脱石—沸石—钾长石—钠长石转变,可以有效增加页岩油气储集层的脆性和微孔隙。     

Structure,microwave dielectric performance,and infrared reflectivity spectrum of olivine-type Mg2Ge0.98O4 ceramic

An ultra-low dielectric loss ceramics Mg₂Ge_0.98O₄ with olivine structure was fabricated by conventional solid-state route. The phase composition, crystal structure, and microwave dielectric properties were investigated. The phase of Mg₂Ge_0.98O₄ is formed to the orthorhombic forsterite structure with a space group Pmnb (62). The dense microstructure and excellent microwave dielectric properties of Mg₂Ge_0.98O₄ ceramic were obtained at 1360°C for 4 hours, with relative density ~96.4%, ε_r ~ 7.3, Q × f = 112 400 GHz, and τ_f ~ −64.6 ppm/°C. The conductive mechanism of Mg₂Ge_0.98O₄ in the low frequency (<1 MHz) was studied by the dielectric spectroscopy and the result with E_dc = 0.93 eV demonstrates that the defect was contributed to the double ionized oxygen vacancies. The intrinsic dielectric properties of Mg₂Ge_0.98O₄ in the microwave region were obtained by infrared reflectivity spectra with ε_r ~ 7.13, Q × f = 120 400 GHz. And, acceptable τ_f (~+2.6 ppm/°C) of 0.92Mg₂Ge_0.98O₄–0.08CaTiO₃ composite ceramic was obtained by adding the CaTiO3.     

三起轧机主电机事故的原因分析

介绍了三起轧机主电机事故的发生过程及原因，并提出了预防措施。