燃料电池氧阴极催化剂的研究

以松木碳为载体,水合肼为还原剂,采用化学还原沉积法制备了Ｐｔ－Ｍｎ／Ｃ催化剂。通过涂敷和热压制得Ｐｔ－Ｍｎ／Ｃ－Ｎａｆｉｏｎ膜氧阴极。采用电流—电位极化和恒电流放电法研究了Ｐｔ－Ｍｎ／Ｃ－Ｎａｆｉｏｎ膜氧阴极的性能。与我们以前报导的Ｐｔ／Ｃ和Ｐｔ－Ｃｒ／Ｃ催化剂比较,Ｐｔ－Ｍｎ／Ｃ催化剂对氧的电还原显示出更高的活性。考察了Ｍｎ含量对电极性能的影响。另外,Ｐｔ－Ｍｎ／Ｃ催化剂经热处理后性能有较大的提高。ＸＲＤ分析的结果表明,热处理催化剂活性的提高看来主要是由晶格结构改变的结果引起的。     

江西省于都县黄麟地区土质量地球化学评价及开发建议

基于于都县黄麟地区1∶〖KG-*2〗5万土地质量地球化学调查采样分析获得土壤养分元素和重金属元素测试数据,参照《土壤环境质量 农用地土壤污染风险管控标准》（试行）（GB 15618—2018）和《土地质量地球化学评价规范》（DZ/T 0295—2016）,对于都县黄麟地区土壤养分和土壤环境质量进行评价,并在此基础上,将两者叠加分析,对研究区土壤质量地球化学综合等级进行评价。结果表明:研究区内土壤养分总体呈中等—较缺乏状态;土壤环境质量总体良好;研究区土壤质量以中等—优质土壤为主,两者占全区面积的92.4%;研究区绿色食品产地、绿色富Se土地资源较丰富,利于集中开发利用,具备建立大面积绿色食品产地和绿色富Se农业基地的条件。     

Fabrication of patterned boron carbide nanowires and their electrical, field emission, and flexibility properties

Large-area patterned boron carbide nanowires (B₄C NWs) have been synthesized using chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The average diameter of B₄C NWs is about 50 nm, with a mean length of 20 ??m. The B₄C NWs have a single-crystal structure and conductivities around 5.1 × 10^?2 ??^?1·cm^?1. Field emission measurements of patterned B₄C NWs films show that their turn-on electric field is 2.7 V/??m, lower than that of continuous B₄C NWs films. A single nanowire also exhibits excellent flexibility under high-strain bending cycles without deformation or failure. All together, this suggests that B₄C NWs are a promising candidate for flexible cold cathode materials.      

Synthesis and properties of tetrathiafulvalene-porphyrin assemblies

Two donor-σ-acceptor molecular systems incorporating tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) units, TTF-TPP (dyad 1) and TTF-TPP-TTF (triad 2), were synthesized. Both dyad 1 and triad 2 and their synthetic intermediates have been characterized by ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) and mass spectrography (MS). Their ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) showed negligible intramolecular charge transfer interaction in their ground states. Their fluorescence intensity was strongly quenched compared with TPP, which implied the photoinduced electron transfer occurred from the TTF unit to the TPP unit in the excited state. On the other hand, their fluorescence intensity could be modulated by sequential oxidation of the TTF unit using chemical methods, which exhibited their potential application in fluorescence molecular switch.     

A kind of synthetic nanopillar arrays for studying single biomolecule

The anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template with ordered pores was firstly fabricated in oxalic acid solutions using two-step anodization method. Then, a layer of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) was uniformly laid on one surface of the AAO template by a Spin-Coater, then baked and cooled them, after that, the H3PO4 solution was utilized to dissolve the residual aluminum and barrier layer, as the result, the functional nanopillar arrays were achieved. Finally, the morphology of the functional PMMA nanopillars was examined with the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and the properties were discussed. The functional nanopillar arrays could be applied to the micro and nano-scale devices as the sensors for the biological, chemical and single molecular detection.     

行波微泵驱动参数对驱动效果的影响

提出一种新型的无阀机械微泵,它依靠微泵管道顶部铺设的压电薄膜阵列产生的超声行波来驱动微管道中的流体。根据超声行波驱动微流体的原理对微泵进行ANSYS有限元建模和CFX流固耦合计算,得到了选定模态下内边长为200μm的方形微泵管道中流体的动力黏度与微泵驱动能力的关系,以及驱动电压幅值和频率对管口流速的影响曲线。结果表明：驱动电压的幅值大小与管口流速成正比,且当驱动频率等于共振频率时驱动效果最明显;当流体动力黏度小于0.001Pa·s时微流体流速随黏度增大而线性增大,之后则缓慢减小。此外,通过CFX后处理得到了微管道中的截面流速矢量图,由矢量图可以看出,在行波驱动作用显著的部分流速分布呈现自微管顶部向下逐渐减慢的特点,而在行波驱动作用极微弱的部分则流速分布近似呈抛物线形状。     

基于多层结构理论的三维纳米多孔阳极氧化铝实时扩孔机理研究

多孔阳极氧化铝的孔径大小及其均匀性可通过扩孔进行改善。本文以3wt%磷酸作为刻蚀液,在实现PAA孔径扩大的同时,我们详细研究了三维状况下孔径形态的实时演变过程,发现PAA孔加宽在表面和截面两个方向上同时进行。在表面扩孔研究中,磷酸逐层蚀刻PAA内壁多层结构,随着扩孔时间的增加,扩孔速率不同。在截面研究中,当扩孔时间达到某一定值,由于扩孔速率不同,PAA顶部的扩孔过程较底部的扩孔过程相对较早完成,随后顶部扩孔速率逐渐降低,底部扩孔速率逐渐增加,当扩孔完成时,形成均一性良好的理想圆形小孔。同时,我们研究发现,过度增大扩孔时间,PAA基元结构将被破坏,并由于高纵横比形成纳米线,随后被刻蚀溶液腐蚀。这是首次通过实验对PAA扩孔机理在截面方向的演化过程进行研究。本文详细阐明三维PAA的实时扩孔机制,结合多层结构对机理进一步解释,对PAA薄膜的可控制备和扩孔机理的精准研究是很有意义的。     

Numerical simulation of predicting and reducing solid particle erosion of solid-liquid two-phase flow in a choke

Chokes are one of the most important components of downhole flow-control equipment. The particle erosion mathematical model, which considers particle-particle interaction, was established and used to simulate solid particle movement as well as particle erosion characteristics of the solid-liquid two-phase flow in a choke. The corresponding erosion reduction approach by setting ribs on the inner wall of the choke was advanced. This mathematical model includes three parts： the flow field simulation of the continuous carrier fluid by an Eulerian approach, the particle interaction simulation using the discrete particle hard sphere model by a Lagrangian approach and calculation of erosion rate using semiempirical correlations. The results show that particles accumulated in a narrow region from inlet to outlet of the choke and the dominating factor affecting particle motion is the fluid drag force. As a result, the optimization of rib geometrical parameters indicates that good anti-erosion performance can be achieved by four ribs, each of them with a height （H） of 3 mm and a width （B） of 5 mm equaling the interval between ribs （L）.     

热处理对低碳钢渗碳后组织与扭转强度的影响

对低碳钢渗碳处理后进行不同的热处理和深冷处理,检测了试件的扭转强度.结果表明:影响扭转强度因素主次顺序依次为深冷处理时间、淬火温度、回火温度和回火保温时间;最优水平为淬火温度870℃、回火温度180℃、回火保温时间2h和深冷处理时间20h;深冷处理提高了低碳钢渗碳后的扭转强度.     

基于配流盘结构的偶数轴向柱塞泵研究

为了从理论上研究奇数和偶数柱塞油缸对轴向柱塞泵流量脉动的影响,给柱塞泵的设计与选型提供理论依据,在轴向柱塞泵理论流量特性的基础上,考虑了配流盘结构的因素,发现柱塞油缸数的奇偶性对轴向柱塞泵流量脉动影响并不大.偶数柱塞个数的轴向柱塞泵也实际可行.