Cyt-C Mediated Mitochondrial Pathway Plays an Important Role in Oocyte Apoptosis in Ricefield Eel (Monopterus albus)

Apoptosis plays a key role in the effective removal of excessive and defective germ cells, which is essential for sequential hermaphroditism and sex change in vertebrates. The ricefield eel, Monopterus albus is a protogynous hermaphroditic fish that undergoes a sequential sex change from female to male. Previous studies have demonstrated that apoptosis is involved in sex change in M. albus. However, the apoptotic signaling pathway is unclear. In the current study, we explored the underlying mechanism of apoptosis during gonadal development and focused on the role of the mitochondrial apoptosis signaling pathway in sex change in M. albus. Flow cytometry was performed to detect apoptosis in gonads at five sexual stages and ovary tissues exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in vitro. Then the expression patterns of key genes and proteins in the mitochondrial pathway, death receptor pathway and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) pathway were examined. The results showed that the apoptosis rate was significantly increased in the early intersexual stage and then decreased with the natural sex change from female to male. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that bax, tnfr1, and calpain were mainly expressed in the five stages. ELISA demonstrated that the relative content of cytochrome-c (cyt-c) in the mitochondrial pathway was significantly higher than that of caspase8 and caspase12, with a peak in the early intersexual stage, while the levels of caspase8 and caspase12 peaked in the late intersexual stage. Interestingly, the Pearson’s coefficient between cyt-c and the apoptosis rate was 0.705, which suggests that these factors are closely related during the gonadal development of M. albus. Furthermore, the cyt-c signal was found to be increased in the intersexual stage by immunohistochemistry. After incubation with H₂O₂, the mRNA expression of mitochondrial pathway molecules such as bax, apaf-1, and caspase3 increased in ovary tissues. In conclusion, the present results suggest that the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway may play a more important role than the other apoptotic pathways in sex change in M. albus.     

Physapruin A Enhances DNA Damage and Inhibits DNA Repair to Suppress Oral Cancer Cell Proliferation

The selective antiproliferation to oral cancer cells of Physalis peruviana-derived physapruin A (PHA) is rarely reported. Either drug-induced apoptosis and DNA damage or DNA repair suppression may effectively inhibit cancer cell proliferation. This study examined the selective antiproliferation ability of PHA and explored detailed mechanisms of apoptosis, DNA damage, and repair. During an ATP assay, PHA provided high cytotoxicity to two oral cancer cell lines (CAL 27 and Ca9-22) but no cytotoxicity to two non-malignant oral cells (HGF-1 and SG). This selective antiproliferation of PHA was associated with the selective generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in oral cancer cells rather than in non-malignant oral cells, as detected by flow cytometry. Moreover, PHA induced other oxidative stresses in oral cancer cells, such as mitochondrial superoxide generation and mitochondrial membrane potential depletion. PHA also demonstrated selective apoptosis in oral cancer cells rather than non-malignant cells in annexin V/7-aminoactinmycin D and caspase 3/7 activity assays. In flow cytometry and immunofluorescence assays, PHA induced γH2AX expressions and increased the γH2AX foci number of DNA damages in oral cancer cells. In contrast, the mRNA expressions for DNA repair signaling, including homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ)-associated genes, were inhibited by PHA in oral cancer cells. Moreover, the PHA-induced changes were alleviated by the oxidative stress inhibitor N-acetylcysteine. Therefore, PHA generates selective antiproliferation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis associated with DNA damage induction and DNA repair suppression in oral cancer cells.     

Array-level boosting method with spatial extended allocation to improve the accuracy of memristor based computing-in-memory chips

Memristor based computing-in-memory chips have shown the potentials to accelerate deep neural networks with high energy efficiency.Due to the inherent filament-...     

软煤钻杆研究进展及发展趋势

系统总结了软煤钻孔失稳机理及规律,提出钻孔失稳主要受煤体基本力学性质、孔周应力环境、孔隙压力及钻进方式等因素的影响,指出增大围岩力学强度,减小塑性区范围与钻孔径向位移是提高钻孔稳定性及成孔率的关键。分析了现有钻孔失稳控制技术的适用条件及优缺点,认为研发随钻护孔防喷与可视化修复一体化技术是瓦斯抽采钻孔失稳防治的发展方向。系统梳理了传统注浆加固材料的研究现状,认为研制并使用兼具固孔抑喷与释放瓦斯潜能的纳米浆泡材料,能延长钻孔服务周期,提高瓦斯抽采效率,应用前景可观。

     

塔河油田底水砂岩油藏水平井剩余油主控因素分析

针对塔河油田一区、九区等强底水砂岩油藏高含水期油水关系复杂、影响因素多、剩余油认识不清造成措施难度大的特点,分析了不同主控因素下水淹模式及剩余油的形成和分布特征。从水平井轨迹与夹层不同的配置关系入手,将轨迹与夹层的配置关系分为全遮挡型、穿行夹层型、穿过夹层型和半遮挡型4种配置关系。根据渗透率组合形态将水平段渗透率组合分为4种形态:两段式、锯齿式、台阶式和均匀式,并结合油井生产动态研究了不同配置关系及渗透率形态所对应的水平段水淹模式,描述其对剩余油不同控制作用,并结合矿场试验给出各种剩余油赋存方式适合的挖潜手段,为底水油藏剩余油精细挖潜提供依据。     

3D打印模型及BIM模型Web嵌入应用

3D打印模型源文件一般为特定格式的STL文件,现开发人员引入开源WebGL语言实现了HTML5页面无需安装插件即可实现3D打印模型的在线浏览,无需任何浏览器插件支持,同时引入二维码编译脚本能实现手机端扫描二维码进行模型预览和源文件下载。BIM模型Web嵌入应用借助3dsmax开放式插件,将revit模型导入到3dsmax,3dsmax安装开放式模型上传插件实现一键生成HTML5可直接打开的三维模型并附带渲染的纹理模型,浏览器终端支持旋转、放大、漫游及简易交互功能,可深入应用前景广阔。     

BIM技术在桥梁工程中的应用研究综述

随着BIM技术在房屋建筑工程中的大力推广应用,BIM技术在桥梁工程中的研究也日益增多。本文分别从设计、施工、运营维护等三个方面系统分析了国内BIM技术在桥梁工程中的应用研究现状,并总结了BIM技术在我国的桥梁工程中应用研究的基本特征,从而对BIM技术在桥梁工程中的进一步应用研究提出建议。