A study of organic working fluids on system efficiency of an ORC using low-grade energy sources

Rankine cycles using organic fluids (as categorized into three groups: wet, dry, and isentropic fluids) as working fluids in converting low-grade energy are investigated in this study. The main purpose is to identify suitable working fluids which may yield high system efficiencies in an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system. Efficiencies of ORC systems are calculated based on an assumption that the inlet condition of the working fluid entering turbine is in saturated vapor phase. Parameters under investigation are turbine inlet temperature, turbine inlet pressure, condenser exit temperature, turbine exit quality, overall irrversibility, and system efficiency. The low-grade energy source can be obtained from a solar pond or/and an ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) system. Results indicate that wet fluids with very steep saturated vapor curves in T-s diagram have a better overall performance in energy conversion efficiencies than that of dry fluids. It can also be shown that all the working fluids have a similar behavior of the efficiency-condenser exit temperature relationship. Furthermore, an appropriate combination of solar energy and an ORC system with a higher turbine inlet temperature and a lower condenser temperature (as operated deeply under sea level) would provide an economically feasible and environment-friendly renewable energy conversion system.     

基于模糊阈值的自适应图像分割方法

针对现有的图像分割中自适应分割方法的研究难点,以及传统的模糊阈值分割法中存在窗宽不能自动获取的问题,在确定隶属函数的前提下,以图像的直方图为依据,利用分段计算和反变换的方法,提出了一种自适应模糊阈值的图像分割方法,并将该方法应用于机场目标的分割;该方法实现其窗口宽度的自适应选取,并且有效改善了模糊阈值法对直方图呈不明显双峰的图像分割困难的缺点,拓展了模糊阈值图像分割方法的适用范围,改善了模糊阈值分割方法的分割效果;实验结果表明,该方法对直方图呈单峰和多峰分布的的图像有较好的分割效果和效率。     

反应堆冷却剂放射性比活度运行限制条件研究

本文通过对比分析CPR1000和美国技术规格书中反应堆冷却剂放射性比活度运行限制条件(LCO)的制定原则和依据,结合蒸汽发生器传热管断裂事故(SGTR)放射性后果分析的验收准则和国标GB 6249的升版情况,研究我国CPR1000机组反应堆冷却剂放射性比活度运行控制要求中存在的问题,对美系技术规格书的应用进行了探讨,并提出了改进建议。     

Temperature and frequency dependence of ultrasonic velocity and absorption in sperm and seal oils

The variation of ultrasonic velocity and absorption in sperm oil and seal oil with temperature range of 5–55 C and frequency range of 1.5–60 MHz are measured. In both oils, the velocity increases ca. linearly with decreasing temperature and increases with increasing frequency; the absorption increases not only with decreasing temperature but also with decreasing frequency.     

Two ADPCM Algorithms with Widely Separated Error Recovery Times

Two adaptive differential pulse code modulation (ADPCM) algorithms are discussed that provide for transmitter-receiver resynchronization when used in a non-zero error rate digital transmission medium. Novel techniques are used in the algorithms (e.g., step-size bias) and in their extensive characterization (e.g., intermodulation distortion measurements).     

烧绿石(La1-yNdy)2Zr2O7模拟固化241Am的晶体结构稳定性研究

为研究²⁴¹Am在La₂Zr₂O₇烧绿石中的固化行为及其对烧绿石晶体结构稳定性的影响,实验选用Nd作为²⁴¹Am的模拟物,采用Sol-喷雾热解法合成了(La_1-yNd_y)₂Zr₂O₇（0.0≤y≤1.0）系列样品,并借助X射线衍射和振动光谱手段对样品的晶体结构稳定性进行了研究。实验结果表明：随着Nd掺杂量的增加,O48f位置参数x_48f和I₍₁₁₁₎ /I₍₂₂₂₎均呈规律性增大,Raman谱逐渐展宽,IR谱发生蓝移,所有结果均证实用Nd不断替换La将导致烧绿石晶体结构有序化程度逐渐降低。另外,实验发现掺杂量y≈0.8是烧绿石晶体结构发生几何相变的逾渗阈值,超过该阈值有序的烧绿石结构将发生突变进而加速向无序萤石结构转变,该实验结果可为(La_1-yAm_y)2Zr2O7固溶体的结构稳定性研究提供参考。     

生物质颗粒燃料层燃燃烧的FLIC数值模拟与分析

通过FLIC数值模拟软件对中国南方地区某台生物质层燃锅炉进行了数值模拟研究,获得固相温度分布、空间烟气温度分布以及主要烟气成分沿床长的变化规律.模拟结果表明,生物质层燃炉燃烧主要分3个阶段,依次为水分蒸发段(0～0.5 m)、挥发分逸出燃烧段(0.3～1.7 m)和固定碳燃烧段(0.6～2.2 m).生物质中挥发分比例高,逸出后床层高度明显降低.沿炉膛长度方向0.5～1.7 m处为高温烟气区域,温度达1 100～1 670 K.针对不同燃烧段的特点,提出了相应的供风策略,如在挥发分逸出燃烧段供风80％ ～90％,在固定碳燃烧段供风10％～20％,降低烟气热损失,保证生物质燃烧效率,并建议根据烟气温度设计炉拱角度,加强炉拱对水分蒸发段辐射,加快燃料利用过程.模拟结果对生物质层燃炉的运行与设计提供了参考.     

减排因子下模糊自适应变权重峰谷电价模型

从提高电力市场效率角度,提出了一种峰谷分时定价时段划分的新方法,介绍了现阶段分时电价的原理,并根据当前电力市场节能减排目标在用户电力费用中引入减排因子,基于负荷变化的连续性及峰谷时段划分的模糊性,借鉴自适应变权重模糊思想建立了一种变权重综合分时定价模型,并对模糊分时下的减排费用给出了合理的计算方法.算例分析结果表明,该方法有效、可行.     

Blended Nafion/SPEEK direct methanol fuel cell membranes for reduced methanol permeability

Sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)s (SPEEKs) were substituted on a polymer main chain that had previously been prepared by sulfonation of poly(ether ether ketone)s in concentrated sulfuric acid for a specified time. The product was then blended with Nafion^® to create composite membranes. The blended SPEEK-containing membranes featured flaky domains dispersed in the Nafion^® matrix. These blends possessed a high thermal decomposition temperature. Additionally, owing to the more crystalline, the blended membranes had a lower water uptake compared to recast Nafion^®, the methanol permeability was reduced to 1.70 × 10⁻⁶ to 9.09 × 10⁻⁷ cm² s⁻¹ for various SPEEK concentrations, and a maximum proton conductivity of ∼0.050 S cm⁻¹ was observed at 30 °C. The single-cell performances of the Nafion^®/SPEEK membranes, with various SPEEK concentrations and a certain degree of sulfonation, were 15–25 mW cm⁻² for SPEEK53 and 19–27 mW cm⁻² for SPEEK63, at 80 °C. The power density and open circuit voltage were higher than those of Nafion^® 115 (power density = 22 mW cm⁻²). The blended membranes satisfy the requirements of proton exchange membranes for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) applications.     

Study of deep level in bulk P-InP by admittance spectroscopy

We report the application of diode admittance spectroscopy in characterising traps in Mg-doped InP. Measurements performed on Au-InP Schottky diodes have identified a hole trap located 0.15 eV above the valence band of InP. Other characteristic parameters such as trap density and hole capture cross-section have also been determined, with results suggesting hole capture at a neutral trapping centre.