Epidemiological studies of blood groups in the district of Bankura with special reference to tribals

Distribution of ABO blood groups was studied in 4301 subjects, both tribals and non-tribals of the district of Bankura in West Bengal. It was observed that group 'O' blood was found in most cases and group 'AB' was seen in least number of cases. It was also found that there was no significant difference in distribution of blood groups between the tribals and non-tribals.     

Squeezing the most out of ATM

Although ATM seems to be the wave of the future, one analysis requires that the utilization of the network be quite low. That analysis is based on asymptotic decay rates of steady-state distributions used to develop a concept of effective bandwidths for connection admission control. The present authors have developed an exact numerical algorithm that shows that the effective-bandwidth approximation can overestimate the target small blocking probabilities by several orders of magnitude when there are many sources that are more bursty than Poisson. The bad news is that the appealing simple connection admission control algorithm using effective bandwidths based solely on tail-probability asymptotic decay rates may actually not be as effective as many have hoped. The good news is that the statistical multiplexing gain on ATM networks may actually be higher than some have feared. For one example, thought to be realistic, the analysis indicates that the network actually can support twice as many sources as predicted by the effective-bandwidth approximation. The authors also show that the effective bandwidth approximation is not always conservative. Specifically, for sources less bursty than Poisson, the asymptotic constant grows exponentially in the number of sources (when they are scaled as above) and the effective-bandwidth approximation can greatly underestimate the target blocking probabilities. Finally, they develop new approximations that work much better than the pure effective-bandwidth approximation     

The effects of annealing on the structure and composition of electron-beam-evaporated tin oxide films

Electron-beam-evaporated films of tin oxide are amorphous with compositions between SnO and SnO₂. Devitrification of the film in an isochronal anneal (24h) begins to occur at about 350°C with the formation of crystalline SnO. At a higher annealing temperature (about 600°C) the amorphous film transforms to SnO₂ and metallic tin.     

Design of exclusive or sum-of-products (ESP) logic arrays with universal tests for detecting stuck-at and bridging faults

The detection problem of bridging faults in AND-EXOR arrays is considered in this paper in a new framework. These AND-EXOR arrays are different from the arrays based on the so-called Reed-Muller canonic (RMC) expansion of functions. The multiple stuck-at fault detection test set in such arrays as already derived by Pradhan[1] has been utilized to detect bridging faults. One most important advantage of this test set is that it is independent of the function realized and it has a simple algebraic structure and hence can be generated easily. As this conventional test set is insufficient to detect all bridging faults, we propose a technique of augmenting the network with some additional observation points which take care of otherwise undetectable bridging faults.     

Viscosity variation of N-cetyl pyridinium chloride—high concentration range

N-cetyl pyridinium chloride in aqueous solution is found to obey the equation of fluidity, lnη_rel = (kN)/[N₀(N₀ ? N)] up to a high concentration, almost saturation. Despite micellar association the plot of ln η_relvsN/(N₀ ? N) was found to be linear for N₀ = 5.0, the hypothetical concentration at which glass transition would occur. The linearity of the plot is maintained in the presence of an added electrolyte, sodium chloride producing lower values for N₀ as the concentration of sodium chloride is increased.     

The scanning optical microscope (extracts on near-field microscopy)—from a 1975 report

The following consists of extracts concerning near-field microscopy from a Progress Report prepared in April 1975 as Oxford University Engineering Laboratory Report No. 1883/77, describing work initiated by the late Professor R. Kompfner. Preliminary experimental work on near-field microscopy is outlined, and a theory for contrast formation is presented.     

Soft Error Rate Reduction Using Circuit Optimization and Transient Filter Insertion

This paper describes a tunable transient filter (TTF) design for soft error rate reduction in combinational logic circuits. TTFs can be inserted into combinational circuits to suppress propagated single-event transients (SETs) before they can be captured in latches or flip-flops. TTFs are tuned by adjusting the maximum width of the propagated SET that can be suppressed. A TTF requires 6–14 transistors, making it an attractive cost-effective option to reduce the soft error rate in combinational circuits. A global optimization approach based on geometric programming that integrates TTF insertion with dual-V _DD and gate sizing is described. Simulation results for the 65 nm process technology indicate that a 17–48× reduction in the soft error rate can be achieved with this approach.