Evaluating the rheological effect of asphalt binder modification using soybean oil

Brazil is a highlight in the ranking of maize cooking oil production, which after consumption generates a significant amount of waste that the improper disposal of it, which could seriously affect the sewage pipes, groundwater, and soil. This research study the incorporation of 1%, 2%, and 3% of soybean (new and waste) in asphalt binder. The samples were analyzed by FTIR and frequency sweep tests. The results indicate that the optimum oil content is in the range of 1–2%, regardless of being new or residual. In the temperature sweep, it was found that the asphalt binder 55/75-E showed a smaller phase angle in all mixtures compared to the asphalt binder 50/70, thus having a better elastic recovery.     

HE6/GPR64 adhesion receptor co-localizes with apical and subapical F-actin scaffold in male excurrent duct epithelia

A role for HE6/GPR64 in male excurrent ducts in the regulation of water balance was suggested from targeted gene mutation in the mouse. Results of the present immunolocalization study strengthen this hypothesis. Employing monospecific antibodies and laser confocal microscopy, we studied the localization of the receptor protein in the human and wild-type mouse ductuli efferentes and epididymis. We show that HE6/GPR64 is specifically associated with cell types and subcellular domains involved in the process of fluid reabsorption. In the mouse, dual labelling with anti-tubulin antibodies revealed that HE6/GPR64 was absent from the (kino-) cilia of ciliated cells. Instead, the receptor protein accumulated in the non-ciliated principal cells. Specifically, strong immunofluorescence was observed in the apical compartment of these cells. Dual labelling with phalloidin and anti-ezrin antibodies revealed that in the mouse the bulk amount of HE6/GPR64 protein co-localized with the F-actin-ezrin scaffold in brush border-like microvilli of ductuli efferentes and long stereocilia of the epididymis proper. In the ductuli efferentes, HE6/GPR64 also co-localized with the subapical F-actin network immediately below the microvilli. Comparable immunostaining patterns were observed in human and mouse; however, a specific feature of the human ductuli efferentes was an intense HE6/GPR64-related labelling of crypt-like grooves or furrows of hitherto unknown function.     

Biomorphous porous hydroxyapatite-ceramics from rattan (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Calamus Rotang</Emphasis>)

The three-dimensional, highly oriented pore channel anatomy of native rattan (Calamus rotang) was used as a template to fabricate biomorphous hydroxyapatite (Ca₅(PO₄)₃OH) ceramics designed for bone regeneration scaffolds. A low viscous hydroxyapatite-sol was prepared from triethyl phosphite and calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and repeatedly vacuum infiltrated into the native template. The template was subsequently pyrolysed at 800°C to form a biocarbon replica of the native tissue. Heat treatment at 1,300°C in air atmosphere caused oxidation of the carbon skeleton and sintering of the hydroxyapatite. SEM analysis confirmed detailed replication of rattan anatomy. Porosity of the samples measured by mercury porosimetry showed a multimodal pore size distribution in the range of 300 nm to 300 μm. Phase composition was determined by XRD and FT-IR revealing hydroxyapatite as the dominant phase with minimum fractions of CaO and Ca₃(PO₄)₂. The biomorphous scaffolds with a total porosity of 70–80% obtained a compressive strength of 3–5 MPa in axial direction and 1–2 MPa in radial direction of the pore channel orientation. Bending strength was determined in a coaxial double ring test resulting in a maximum bending strength of ~2 MPa.