薄钢板在CL-20基含铝炸药内爆载荷作用下的变形响应和工程预测

针对圆形钢板在内爆炸载荷作用下的变形响应问题,利用爆炸容器罐进行了一系列以六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(CL-20)基含铝炸药为主的内爆炸试验。以圆形钢板作为容器罐装填口的密封结构来承受装药爆炸冲击载荷,开展了100 g、200 g两种装药量下10%、20%、30%3种不同铝含量的CL-20基含铝炸药内爆炸冲击加载密封钢板的测试试验;建立了密封钢板最大残余变形挠度的工程预测模型。结果表明:铝粉在后燃烧阶段释放的能量对冲击钢板变形能起到一定作用,密封钢板的最大残余变形量取决于炸药内爆炸初始冲击波的有效冲量(正相位冲量);对于200 g装药量,随着铝含量由10%升至30%,初始冲击波有效冲量依次降低6. 9%和7. 8%,钢板的变形和失效程度减小,最大残余变形挠度依次减小5. 3%和7. 5%.     

聚四氟乙烯基铝活性材料的热化学反应特性

为获得聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）基铝（Al）活性材料的热化学反应性能,开展包含不同Al粒径的PTFE基Al活性材料在不同升温速率下的热化学反应实验。采用湿混工艺制备包含50 nm和10 μm两种Al粒径的PTFE基Al活性材料,并利用差示扫描量热法与热重分析法分析它们在10 ℃/min、 15 ℃/min、20 ℃/min、30 ℃/min升温速率下的热化学反应行为。结果表明：在10~ 30 ℃/min升 温速率中,包含纳米Al颗粒的PTFE基Al试样都发生了反应放热,而包含微米Al颗粒的PTFE基Al试样在小于900 ℃时并未与PTFE分解产物发生反应; Al颗粒的加入会对PTFE的热分解起到一定催化作用;对于Al粒径为50 nm的PTFE基Al活性材料,随着升温速率的增大,反应放热峰的峰值温度不断向高温区移动（由10 ℃/min的578.9 ℃移动到30 ℃/min时的608.5 ℃）,单 位放热量逐渐增多（由10 ℃/min升温速率下的331.6 J/g升高到30 ℃/min升温速率下的641.3 J/g）;研究结果对PTFE基Al活性材料的工程化应用具有参考意义。     

Nodes organization for channel assignment with topology preservation in multi-radio wireless mesh networks

The wireless mesh network is a new emerging broadband technology providing the last-mile Internet access for mobile users by exploiting the advantage of multiple radios and multiple channels. The throughput improvement of the network relies heavily on the utilizing the orthogonal channels. However, an improper channel assignment scheme may lead to network partition or links failure. In this paper we consider the assignment strategy with topology preservation by organizing the mesh nodes with available channels, and aim at minimizing the co-channel interference in the network. The channel assignment with the topology preservation is proved to be NP-hard and to find the optimized solution in polynomial time is impossible. We have formulated a channel assignment algorithm named as DPSO-CA which is based on the discrete particle swarm optimization and can be used to find the approximate optimized solution. We have shown that our algorithm can be easily extended to the case with uneven traffic load in the network. The impact of radio utilization during the channel assignment process is discussed too. Extensive simulation results have demonstrated that our algorithm has good performance in both dense and sparse networks compared with related works.     

Distributed channel selection in CRAHNs: A non-selfish scheme for mitigating spectrum fragmentation

In this paper, we consider the problem of spectrum sharing in CRAHNs and propose a distributed channel selection scheme. The key functionality of our proposal, best-fit channel selection (BFC) is that it accounts both the primary channel traffic activity and CR traffic activity in channel selection. We assume CR nodes have the capability of estimating the primary channel traffic activities. In BFC, each CR selects a channel among the primary user (PU) channels for transmission that best fits to its transmission time requirement. We compare the performance of BFC to the widely known longest idle time channel selection (LITC) scheme. In LITC, a CR selects the channel that has the longest expected idle time independent of its transmission needs. In a multi-user CRN, this may degrade the network performance compared to the non-selfish BFC approach. LITC is considered selfish since each CR aims to maximize its own benefit and thus wastes resources that may be utilized by other nodes in the network. BFC providing an efficient spectrum sharing mechanism implicitly mitigates the effect of spectrum fragmentation which is a significant issue degrading the CR spectrum utilization. In CRNs, spectrum may be fragmented in various dimensions, e.g. time and frequency, such that some parts of the spectrum can not be used although being idle. Our proposal provides a solution to the spectrum fragmentation issue in time dimension at the medium access control (MAC) layer. By a set of simulations, we highlight the performance improvement by BFC over the conventional LITC under various CR/PU traffic, number of CRs, estimation accuracy and buffering capability. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed BFC is significantly superior to that of LITC in terms of probability of successful transmission, spectrum opportunity utilization and fragmentation.     

RPB-MD: Providing robust message dissemination for vehicular ad hoc networks

To improve traffic safety and efficiency, it is vital to reliably send traffic-related messages to vehicles in the targeted region in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). In this paper, we propose a novel scheme, relative position based message dissemination (RPB-MD), to reliably and efficiently disseminate messages to the vehicles in the zone-of-relevance. Firstly, the relative position based (RPB) addressing model is proposed to effectively define the intended receivers in the zone-of-relevance. To ensure high message delivery ratio and low delivery delay, directional greedy broadcast routing (DGBR) is introduced to make a group of candidate nodes hold the message for high reliability. Moreover, to guarantee efficiency, the protocol time parameters are designed adaptively according to the message attributes and local vehicular traffic density. The protocol feasibility is analyzed to illustrate the robustness and reliability of RPB-MD. Simulation results show that RPB-MD, compared with representative existing schemes, achieves high delivery ratio, limited overhead, reasonable delay and high network reachability under different vehicular traffic density and data sending rate.     

A pre-placement individual net length estimation model and an application for modern circuits

With the advances in integrated circuit (IC) technology, managing the individual and total interconnect is becoming one of the main challenges facing designers. An individual a-priori length estimation model can be a useful tool in helping designers obtain lower net lengths and congestion of interconnect. In this paper, the main characteristics that need to be considered while designing an individual a-priori length estimation technique for today's integrated circuits are discussed. A model that includes some of the most prevalent characteristics is designed and tested using the most current benchmark circuits released by IBM. In addition, one application of the length estimation is proposed in which a predictor-corrector framework for clustering that can be used to improve the results of placement is implemented. This model shows that the corrector step can improve the final placement results by up to 33% for special cases.     

Optimal gate sizing using a self-tuning multi-objective framework

In this paper, we present a self-tuning multi-objective framework for geometric programming that provides a fine trade-off between the competing objectives. The significance of this framework is that the designer does not need to perform any tuning of weights of objectives. The proposed framework is applied to gate sizing and clock network buffer sizing problems. In gate sizing application, power consumption is reduced on average by 86% while delay sees only an increase of 34 ns. In clock network butter sizing application, our framework results in a significant reduction in power, 57%, and an improvement of 31 ps in skew.     

Statistical DOE-ILP based power-performance-process (P3) optimization of nano-CMOS SRAM

As technology continues to scale, maintaining important figures of merit of Static Random Access Memories (SRAMs), such as power dissipation and an acceptable Static Noise Margin (SNM), becomes increasingly challenging. In this paper, we address SRAM instability and power (leakage) dissipation in scaled-down technologies by presenting a novel design flow for simultaneous power minimization, performance maximization and process variation tolerance (P3) optimization of nano-CMOS circuits. The 45 and 32 nm technology node standard 6-Transistor (6T) and 8T SRAM cells are used as example circuits for demonstration of the effectiveness of the flow. Thereafter, the SRAM cell is subjected to a dual threshold voltage (dual-V_Th) assignment based on a novel statistical Design of Experiments-Integer Linear Programming (DOE-ILP) approach. Experimental results show 61% leakage power reduction and 13% increase in the read SNM. In addition, process variation analysis of the optimized cell is conducted considering the variability effect in twelve device parameters. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study which makes use of statistical DOE-ILP for optimization of conflicting targets of stability and power in the presence of process variations in SRAMs.     

Numerical and experimental characterization of antenna positioning in a dual-radio mesh router

This paper investigates the influence of the position of the antennas in a dual-radio mesh router by characterizing the router components from an electromagnetic point of view. Since the behavior of a wireless router equipped with multiple devices and antennas can be affected by mutual coupling among several close conducting bodies, numerical and experimental tests are carried out to provide some suggestions for an accurate positioning of the antennas. A reference configuration is implemented in an electromagnetic Computer-Aided Design (CAD) simulator. The most significant numerical results are validated by performing a campaign of measurements in anechoic chamber and deploying a testbed for the derivation of the experimental values of throughput, return loss, power density, and directivity.     

Reproducing consistent wireless protocol performance across environments

Full scale experimentation with wireless networks in deployment environments is difficult. Therefore a common validation technique is to test a prototype network in a convenient environment prior to deployment. In this paper, we consider the problem of obtaining comparable protocol performance when the test and deployment environments differ in RF propagation environment and/or inter-node spacing. To achieve comparable protocol behavior in the two settings, we propose the concept of “link usage spectrum”. Based on the hypothesis that the link usage spectrum is a gross predictor for network performance, we show how to replicate in the test setting the link usage spectrum of the protocol that is expected in the deployment setting. We show our technique for achieving comparable protocol behavior via experiments and simulations in multiple indoor and outdoor propagation environments. The link usage spectrum is protocol specific; we illustrate for a family of protocols how the link usage spectrum is calculated analytically, from the protocol metric for choosing forwarding links in the network, and how power scaling can be used to match the link usage spectrum across networks.