Synthesis of submicron barium carbonate using a high-gravity technique

The purpose of this study was to build a platform for producing fine particles by applying a high-gravity (higee) technique to achieve reactive precipitation. Barium carbonate was chosen as a model compound and was produced in a spinning disk reactor (SDR), which is one type of higee equipment, via a carbonation route and a once-through mode. For size measurement, a suitable dispersion method was developed to obtain reproducible particle size data, using a laser-light analyzer. Several factors that affected the particle size of barium carbonate, including the CO₂ flow rate, the feed rate of Ba(OH)₂ slurry, the rotation speed, and the solid-content of feed slurry, were investigated. A high rotating speed and low feeding rate of slurry yielded small particles. The optimum solid-content of feeding slurry for obtaining small particles was also determined. However, the effect of the CO₂ flow rate on the particle size of the product was not significant.     

The use of transmission spectrophotometry for the evaluation of haem pigments in situ in muscle slices

Summary Haem pigments in thin slices of meat can be differentiated by transmission spectrophotometry. The spectral characteristics of the various forms of haem pigment in this situation have compared well with those exhibited in aqueous solution.[/p]The optimum thickness of slice for the observation of haem pigment is 2.0 mm using a Pye Unicam SP 800 recording spectrophotometer. Detachable cells have been constructed that permit the reconstitution of tissues into slices of this thickness when examining meat products too fragile to section conventionally. In this way, sections representative of areas of superficial discoloration can be assembled for spectrophotometric evaluation of contributing haem pigments.[/p]In many cases, selective changes can be applied to a particular form of haem protein for its evaluation by differential spectrophotometry. Reference systems have also been developed for direct examination of the haem pigments, including those formed during curing. Only small samples of tissue are required, so that localized areas of a meat product(s) can be studied without difficulty.

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Gebrauch von Durchlässigkeitsspektrophotometrie für die Wertung von Hämpigmenten in situ in Muskelschnitten

Zusammenfassung Hämpigmente in dünnen Fleischscheiben können durch Durchlässigkeitsspektrophotometrie unterschieden werden, wobei deren spektrale Verteilungscharakteristik der verschiedenen Hämpigmente sich mit denen in wässriger Lösung gut vergleichen lassen.[/p]Die optimale Scheibendicke zur Ablesung von Hämpigmenten ist 2,0 mm bei Benutzung eines Pye Unicam SP 800 registrierenden und integrierenden Spektralphotometers. Es wurden ablösbare Zellen hergestellt, die die Wiederherstellung der Gewebe in Schnitte dieser Dicke bei der Untersuchung von Fleischprodukten, die zu zart zum Schneiden sind, erlauben. Auf diese Weise können repräsentative Schnitte von oberflächlichen Verfärbungsflächen für die spektrophotometrische Wertung der verantwortlichen Hämpigmente gewonnen werden. In vielen Fällen können selektive Änderungen auf eine besondere Form von Hämpigmenten, für deren Wertung durch Differentialspektrophotometrie, angewandt werden. Bezugssysteme für direkte Untersuchung der Hämpigmente, einschließlich deren, die während des Pökelns entstehen, wurden zusätzlich entwickelt. Da nur kleíne Gewebemuster erforderlich sind, können lokalisierte Fleischproduktflächen mühelos studiert werden.

     

Self-administered relaxation training and money deposits in the treatment of recurrent anxiety.

Evaluated 2 self-administered relaxation manuals and a money deposit in the treatment of recurrent, nonphobic anxiety in 61 18–44 yr old Ss from a college population. Ss were randomly assigned to a self-monitoring-only control group or 1 of 4 active treatment conditions. Ss in active conditions received a progressive relaxation manual or a manual that called for the client to devise his or her own relaxation method and were assigned to deposit or nondeposit conditions. Improvement did not differ for the 2 relaxation procedures, but relaxation training groups improved significantly more than self-monitoring-only Ss on both self-report questionnaires and self-monitored measures of anxiety. The deposit did not produce greater amounts of relaxation practice or adherence to the program, although Ss in this condition reported being more relaxed in practice sessions and improved more on 2 pre–post measures of anxiety (including the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory). Ss' locus of control scores (Rotter's Internal–External Locus of Control Scale) were significantly related to a number of practice, adherence, and outcome variables, but Ss' ratings of the likelihood that they would practice and benefit from the program proved to be as good predictors. (36 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Radiation therapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in East Africa

Results of irradiation, 1 to 3 years after treatment, are presented in 64 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in East Africans. Two types of anatomic point indices are presented. Both correlate well with the results. Prophylactic irradiation of the mediastinum and both axillae was not followed by any evident improvement of the results.     

Genetic evidence for the proto-Austronesian homeland in Asia: mtDNA and nuclear DNA variation in Taiwanese aboriginal tribes

Previous studies of mtDNA variation in indigenous Taiwanese populations have suggested that they held an ancestral position in the spread of mtDNAs throughout Southeast Asia and Oceania (Melton et al. 1995; Sykes et al. 1995), but the question of an absolute proto-Austronesian homeland remains. To search for Asian roots for indigenous Taiwanese populations, 28 mtDNAs representative of variation in four tribal groups (Ami, Atayal, Bunun, and Paiwan) were sequenced and were compared with each other and with mtDNAs from 25 other populations from Asia and Oceania. In addition, eight polymorphic Alu insertion loci were analyzed, to determine if the pattern of mtDNA variation is concordant with nuclear DNA variation. Tribal groups shared considerable mtDNA sequence identity (P>.90), where gene flow is believed to have been low, arguing for a common source or sources for the tribes. mtDNAs with a 9-bp deletion have considerable mainland-Asian diversity and have spread to Southeast Asia and Oceania through a Taiwanese bottleneck. Only four Taiwanese mtDNA haplotypes without the 9-bp deletion were shared with any other populations, but these shared types were widely dispersed geographically throughout mainland Asia. Phylogenetic and principal-component analyses of Alu loci were concordant with conclusions from the mtDNA analyses; overall, the results suggest that the Taiwanese have temporally deep roots, probably in central or south China, and have been isolated from other Asian populations in recent history.     

Support for the discharge model of emotion: A reply to Zuckerman.

Responds to criticisms by M. Zuckerman (see record 1984-11616-001) of a study by the present author et al (see record 1983-05644-001) which reported evidence in support of the discharge model of the relation between facial expressivity and physiological reactivity. It is argued that Zuckerman's challenge to the Notarius et al study and conclusions is unfounded for 2 reasons: (a) Zuckerman's critique contains several interpretative errors of the Notarius et al study, and (b) subsequent data analysis, recommended by Zuckerman, overwhelmingly supports the original interpretation of the study. (2 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

So what's a fellow?

Focuses on the 2 classes of the American Psychological Association membership: a lower class of Associates and Members, and an elite, who are called Fellows. Survey responses about the existence and administration of Fellow status indicate (1) a tendency toward retention of the status of Fellow and (2) a belief that it is a handy method of recognizing those who have made outstanding contributions to the field. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

An off-peak energy storage concept for electric utilities: Part II—The water battery concept

The water battery (reversible water electrolyser) as envisaged by Battelle Columbus Laboratories (BCL) is a single energy storage device for use on an electric utility system at dispersed locations such as substations. Available off-peak electric energy can be used to electrolyse water, thus producing hydrogen and oxygen, which can be stored externally to the device. These gases can be recycled, as necessary, through the same device, operating in reverse, to generate D.C. electricity to meet utility system peak-load demands.

A conceptual design for a 10 MW water battery installation compatible with the requirements of the PSE&G system is formulated. General design approaches and cost estimates are developed for the basic water battery module, the energy storage subsystem (which consists of the compressors and storage vessels for the hydrogen and oxygen), and the power conditioning subsystem (which controls and regulates direct current to the water battery and alternating current to the grid). The design evaluations address optimum system operating efficiency, projected battery life, reliability, maintenance, materials availability (the water battery employs substantial, but ultimately recoverable, amounts of platinum and palladium in its construction), and environmental impact in terms of pollutants and physical size.     

Influence of Surface Topography on Strengths of Thermal Bonds

The influence of the initial topography of fiber surfaces on the strength of thermally-induced autohesive bonds between thermoplastic fibers, such as those found in heat-bonded non-woven textiles, has been studied for flat polypropylene monofilaments having imposed surface scratches. These monofilaments were bonded in various combinations using a laser beam to produce localized melting and bonding. Bond breaking strengths were measured in shear under tensile loading, and the resultant fracture surfaces were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Bonds were strongest when the scratches were aligned; furthermore, for the same alignment pattern, bonds were strongest when the degree of scratching was least. In no case was interfacial failure observed by microscopy. Moreover, more material was torn away from the failing fiber bonds of higher strength than was observed for lower strength bonds. The results are interpreted in terms of the effects on bond strength of the number and distribution of surface flaws present during bonding, which is determined by the initial pattern of surface roughness.